The Vine

Question 1

Name the most important North American vine species

Answer 1

V. Labrusca, V. riparia, V. berlandieri, V. rupestris

Question 2

List the main structures of a growing cane

Answer 2

Stem, Buds, leaves, tendrils, lateral shoots, inflorescences/grape bunches

Question 3

What does it mean for a shoot to lignify?

Answer 3

To become woody and rigid

Question 4

Name the two kinds of buds found on the stems

Answer 4

Compound buds and Prompt buds

Question 5

Define a Compound bud

Answer 5

A compound bud is formed in one growing season and then opens in the next.

They produce the main shoots in the next season

Question 6

Within a Compound bud there are 3 separate kinds of buds, name them

Answer 6

Primary buds, secondary buds and tertiary buds.

Secondary and tertiary buds usually only grow if the primary bud has been damaged

Question 7

How are lateral shoots formed?

Answer 7

Lateral shoots grow from prompt buds, and they are smaller and thinner than the main shoots.

Question 8

True or False,

Lateral shoots have all the same components as the mains shoots

Answer 8

True!

Their main function is to allow the plant to carry on growing if the tip of the main shoot gets damaged or eaten.

Question 9

What is the benefit to leaving the lateral shoots on the plant?

Answer 9

They can allow the plant to produce a crop if the main grape cluster is damaged early on.

They can provide additional leaves for photosynthesis

Question 10

Name the negatives associated with lateral shoots?

Answer 10

If located near the base of the main shoot they can shade the fruit to much and impede air flow

Question 11

If a secondary crop (found on lateral shoots) is harvested at the same time as the main crop (found on the main shoot), how will the two fruits compare?

Answer 11

The secondary crop will be:
higher in acid
have a lower potential alcohol
may have unripe tannins and flavors
If the grapes are black, they will have less color development

Question 12

True or False,

The main shoots of a vine can support themselves?

Answer 12

False, therefore they develop tendrils

Question 13

Describe the stomata found on a leaf

Answer 13

They are the pores that open on the underside of a leaf.

They let water diffuse out (transpiration), and allow CO2 for photosynthesis to enter

Question 14

what is an inflorescence?

Answer 14

A cluster of Flowers on a stem, which will become a bunch of grapes

Question 15

How many inflorescences are usually found on the main shoot?

Answer 15

1 to 3

Question 16

what all is contained within the pulp of a grape?

Answer 16

Water, Sugar, acids , aroma compounds and Aroma precersors, tannins and color compounds

Question 17

What is the word used to describe grapes that have red colored pulp?

Answer 17

teinturier

Question 18

Give an example of a teinturier grape

Answer 18

Alicante Bouschet
Chambourcin
Petit Bouschet
Colorino

Question 19

What part of a grape has the highest concentration of aroma compounds and precursors?

Answer 19

The skins

Question 20

what is the bloom of a grape?

Answer 20

A powdery waxy coating that covers the surface of a grape

Question 21

what does one year old wood refer to?

Answer 21

the main shoots from the last growing season that were kept at pruning

Question 22

In modern viticulture, what are the two ways vines are propagated?

Answer 22

either by cuttings or layering

Question 23

Define a cutting

Answer 23

A section of a vine shoot that is planted and then grows a new plant

• the most common method of vine propagation
• Also permits the use of rootstocks, which can be grafted on before it is planted

Question 24

Describe what Layering is

Answer 24

layering is a method of filling gaps in a vineyard due to the death of a vine.

Shoots from a neighboring vine are buried into the ground, which then will establish roots. Once the roots are established, the link connecting the plants is cut.

Question 25

what is a draw back to using the layering method?

Answer 25

the new vine is own rooted, which is not always suitable ( i.e. no more phylloxera resistance)

Question 26

describe Selection Massale

Answer 26

When vineyard owners go and take cuttings from their own vineyards and cultivate them.

Question 27

What are the advantages to Selection Massale?

Answer 27

Increases the diversity of planting material in the vineyard and potentially the region
Vineyard owners get to use their own plant material

Question 28

what are the negatives to Selection Massale

Answer 28

the monitoring of vines as to pick the best material is costly and takes time
If the parent material is infected, it will likely be passed onto the new vines.

Question 29

What is cross-fertilization?

Answer 29

When the pollen of one grape vine is transferred to the stigmas of another grape and fertilization occurs

This is how new grape varieties are made