The Vine Flashcards
The canopy consists of
All major structures:
Buds
Leaves
Lateral shoots
Tendrils
Inflorescence/bunches
Shoots grow in the spring from what
Buds retained from previous year
The shoot consists of
Buds
Leaves
Tendrils
Lateral shoots
Inflorescence/ bunches
The main axis of the shoot does what
Transports water and solutes like sugars and minerals to and from the different structures
Stores carbohydrates
Swellings on shoot where other structures attach are called
Nodes
The lengths between nodes is called
Internodes
What point of the season do green shoots lignify
Late summer
What are lignified shoots called
Canes
Where do buds form
Between the leaf stalk and the stem
What do buds contain?
All the structures in miniature that become the green parts of the vine
Stem
Buds
Tendrils
Leaves
Inflorescence
Compound buds
Form in one growing season and break open next
Produce shoots
Typically a primary bud and secondary/tertiary buds that only grow if damage occurs to primary (frost)
Prompt buds
Form and grow in the same season
Form on primary shoot (grown from compound bud)
Produce lateral shoots
Lateral shoots
Grow from prompt buds
Contain stem, leaves, buds, tendrils, and sometimes inflorescence
Main function is to allow plant to grow if tip of primary shoot is damaged or eaten
Can provide additional photosynthesis
Can impede airflow and shade fruit too much
May be removed in summer pruning
Can produce “second crop” - green harvested
Tendrils
Support for vine
Leaves
Main function is photosynthesis
Stomata
Pores on underside of leaf
Diffuse water and allow CO2 to enter
Water stress can close- shutting down photosynthesis
Inflorescence
Cluster of flowers on a stem which become a bunch of grapes at fruit set
Bunches
A fertilized inflorescence
Grape
Berry made of pulp, skin, and seeds
Pulp
Majority of grapes weight and volume
Contains water, sugars, acids, and some aroma compounds and precursors
Most grapes have colorless pulp
Teinturier varieties have
Colored pulp
Alicante Bouschet
Skin
Contains high concentrations of aroma compounds and precursors Most grapes, tannins, and color compounds
Seeds
Seeds contain oil, tannin, and embryo which can grow into new plant
One year old wood
Refers to shoots from previous growing season
Supports compound buds that release shoots for upcoming season
Can be cane or spur
Permanent wood
The woody parts of a vine that are more than one year old
Trunk and cordons
Provide support for other parts of vine
Transport water and solutes
Store carbohydrates and nutrients
Roots
Anchor the vine
Uptake of water and nutrients
Store carbohydrates
Produce hormones that have important functions within vine growth and grape ripening
Nutrients and water absorbed at tips
Cutting
A section of vine shoot that can be planted to grow as a new plant
Permits use of rootstocks
Can be treated at nurseries to avoid spread of disease
Layering
Method of filling gaps in vineyards
A cane of a established vine is bent down and partially buried with root tip pointing up
Buried section takes root and cane linking is cut
No protection from phylloxera
Clone
Vines with favorable characteristics are propagated within a single variety
PN 115 has low yields of small grapes suitable for high quality red wine production
PN 521 has higher yields of bigger grapes making it better for sparkling wine production
Mass selection
Propagation of cuttings from own vineyards
Can be treated at nurseries and grafted
Increases diversity
Enhance fruit quality
Vine breeding programs seek to
Develop vines with desirable attributes
Disease resistance
Pest resistance
Climatic extremes
