The vine

Question 1

What is the differents between cutting and layering?

Answer 1

Cutting (enten)

Mostly on rootstock to avoid and spread diseases

Layering

Used to fill died plants.

shoot will be buried in the soil and become new plant

Will not be treat to phylloxera and will not have same qualitys of plant whit rootstock

Vines produces by seed

are not identical to the parentvine

Question 2

Geef de 4 Amerikaanse wijnstokfamilies

Answer 2

Vitis Labrusca Vitis Riparia Vitis berlandeiri Vitis Rupestris

Question 3

Wood, 2 sorts and explain:

Answer 3

One year old wood

Depend on canopy management

Permanent wood

Different between cane pruning (guyot) and cordon pruning (VSP)

Transport water and solutes

Store carbohydrates and nutrients

Roots

Most one 50 cm. of the soil can be until 6m.

Question 4

What are tendrils?

Answer 4

Are there to attach the vine on other plants or trailing systems. Are not effective enough so the canes and shoots will be wired up.

Question 5

The berry contains:

Answer 5

• Pulp
  
  • Sugar, Water and some aroma compounds and Aroma precursors
  • Tenturier (alicate bouchet) = colord juice
• Skin
• Bloo
  
  • Waxy coating on the grape

Question 6

What is cross fertilization

Answer 6

Seeds are planted, monitored and multiplied by cutting

Has to be registered by the OIV (International organization of vine)

Question 7

Why are there leaves?

Answer 7

• Photosynthesis = sugar used for vine growth and metabolism
• Stomata = open pores (poriën) underside of the leaves, water will leave and carbon oxide will enter. Because waters diffuses, (transpiration) draws water and nutrients from the soil to the leaves. Stomata will close by water stress. Limits photosynthesis by leek of carbon oxide.

Question 8

What do you know about massale selection?

Answer 8

Sometimes crafted on rootstock

Advantages

• increases diversity of planting material in the region
• using own unique planting material
• Disadvantage*
• Cost a lot of extra labor
• Spread diseases

Question 9

What are nodes

Answer 9

Points were other sturctures are attached

The length between 2 nodes are called internoods

Question 10

There are 2 sorts of buds + explain

Answer 10

Compound buds (latent buds) produce the new shoot in spring

They exist in primary bud, secondary and tertiary buds (if primary bud cannot grow (frost)

Prompt buds grow on a new shoot and will develop lateral shoots

Question 11

What are Lateral shoots?

Answer 11

• contain exact the same as shoots but they became later
• are there for when the shoot is gone are eaten
• inflorescence can be come until second crop (pinot noir), is much later so can’t be ripe, removed by green harvest, separate by handpicking. Can be a problem by harvest by machine

Question 12

Shoots exist:

Answer 12

1 Tendril

2 Lateral sheut (bijsheutjes)

3 Inflorensece

4 Leaf

5 prompt bud

After summer shoots became canes

Question 13

What do you know about clones

Answer 13

• By muttation there are by cell devision slightly differtences in the genetic code of the cell. eg. slightly bigger grapes ore thicker skin etc…

In the nurserie they will choice the favrouble vines and do propagation by cutting and having so a new clones within the same vine species.

• Advantages:
  
  • adapted to the region
  • all will grow in similar way and ripen on same moment,
  • management of the vineyard is more simple.
• Disadvantages
  
  • leek of complexity
  • more diseases
• For example

Pinot noir 115 low yields high quality wine

Pinot noir 521 higher yields and bigger grapes suited for sparkling

In some regions the cant find many clones