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The Vedic Age Flashcards

1
Q

European Theory Supported by whom?

A

Sir William Jones

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2
Q

European Theory founded in which year?

A

1786

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3
Q

Hungary as the home of Aryans proposed by whom?

A

Giles

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4
Q

France as the home of Aryans proposed by whom?

A

Shroeder

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5
Q

South Russia as the home of Aryans proposed by whom?

A

P. Nehring

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6
Q

West Siberia as the home of Aryans proposed by whom?

A

Morgan

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7
Q

Central Asian Theory supported by whom?

A

Max Mueller and E-Meyer Herzfeld

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8
Q

What is the reasoning behind the Central Asian Theory?

A

Avesta and Vedas are linguistically similar

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9
Q

Artic Region Theory supported by whom?

A

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

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10
Q

What is the reasoning behind the Artic region theory?

A

The Vedas talk about 6 months of day and night which only happens in the Artic region.

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11
Q

Tibet theory supported by whom?

A

Swami Dayanand Saraswati

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12
Q

Indian Theory supported by whom?

A

Dr. Sampurnanand and A.C. Das

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13
Q

Brahmarishi Desa as the home of Aryans proposed by whom?

A

Ganganath Jha

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14
Q

Kashmir as the home of Aryans proposed by whom?

A

L.D. Kala

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15
Q

Madhya Pradesh as the home of Aryans proposed by whom?

A

R.B Pandey

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16
Q

7 rivers of Sapta Sindhu are ?

A

Indus, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, Chenab, and Saraswati

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17
Q

Vedic names for the seven rivers?

A

Indus - Sindhu, Jhelum - Vatista, Beas - Vipasa, Chenab - Askini, Ravi - Purushni, Sutlej - Sutudri, Saraswati - Ghaggar Hakra.

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18
Q

How many times are Yamuna and Ganga mentioned in Vedas?

A

Ganga - Once, Yamuna - Twice.

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19
Q

Who were the Vedas attributed to ?

A

Vishvamitra, Atri, Gritsamada, Vasishtha and Bharadvaja.

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20
Q

What are the 4 vedas?

A

Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, Atharva Veda.

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21
Q

Vedas have 4 parts - what are they?

A

Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyaka and Upanishad.

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22
Q

How many hymns does Rig Veda have?

A

1,028

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23
Q

Rig Veda is divided into how many Mandals ?

A

10

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24
Q

Which Mandal are ascribed to particular families of rishis?

A

II to VII

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25
Which Mandal are ascribed to Kanva family?
VIII
26
Which Mandal has compilation of Soma Hymns?
IX
27
What does Mandal I and X contain?
Purusashukta and explains the 4 varnas.
28
Who are the priest related to Rig Veda?
Kotri/Motri
29
Upveda of the Rig Veda?
Ayur Veda
30
Recension of the Rig Veda?
Shakala Shakha
31
Number of Melodies in Sama Veda ?
1,810
32
Contains what famous raga?
Dhrupada raga sung by Tansen.
33
Upveda of the Sama Veda ?
Gandharva Veda
34
Recensions of Sama Veda?
Kauthuma, Jaiminiya (Talavakara), and Ranayaniya.
35
What does Yajur Veda contain?
Procedure for the performance of sacrifices
36
Number of Mantras in Yajur Veda?
1,975
37
Which part of Yajur Veda have only the Mantras?
Shukla Yajur Veda / White Yajur Veda / Vajasaneya
38
Which part has the mantras and also prose explanations?
Krishna Yajur Veda / Black Yajur Veda
39
Recensions of White Yajur Veda?
Madhyandina and Kanva recensions.
40
Recensions of Black Yajur Veda ?
Kathaka, Maitrayani, Taittiriya and Kapishthala.
41
Upveda of Yajur Veda?
Dhanur Veda.
42
Brahmana of Yajur Veda?
Satpatha Brahmana
43
What does Atharva Veda contain?
Magic spells and charms.
44
Atharva Veda is what?
A non-aryan work.
45
Number of verses in the Atharva Veda ?
20 kandas and 711 hymns
46
The Brahmana of Atharva Veda ?
Gopatha Brahmana.
47
Recensions of Atharva Veda?
The Shaunaka and Paippalada.
48
Upveda of Atharva Veda?
Shilpa Veda.
49
What is a Brahmana?
Describes the rules for the performance of sacrificial ceremonies.
50
What does Brahmana recommend ?
One hundred sacred paths.
51
What is Aranyakas ?
Called Forest Books. Deals with mysticism and philosophy and oppose sacrifice. Emphasize meditation and are considered concluding portion of the Brahmanas.
52
How many Upanishads are there ?
108 in total and 13 are most prominent.
53
What is the largest Upanishad ?
Mandukyapanishad "Satyamev Jayate"
54
What does Chhandogya Upanishad say ?
Refers to the first three ashrams and discusses 2 types of marraiges : Anuloma and Pratiloma.
55
What is Vedanga ?
Means 'limbs of the Vedas.' Aids in proper recitation and understanding of the Vedas, not written by the Gods written in the forms of Sutras.
56
What are the 6 sutras ?
Shiksha (phonetics), Kalpa (Ritualistic science), Jyotisha (Astronomy), Vyakaran (Grammar), Nirukta (Etymology), Chhanda (Metrics).
57
what is Shrautasutra ?
Vedic sacrifices that require 3 or more fires.
58
What is Grihyasutra ?
Simple domestic fires, require only one fire. Usually occurs for the 16 samskaras in Hindu life.
59
What is Dharmasutra ?
Concerned with rituals' Dharma.
60
What are Puranas ?
Reflect the Brahmanical social and religious values and also shed light on the emergence and development of Hindu religious practices.
61
What are the 4 ages / yugas ?
Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali.
62
What are the 5 topics discussed in the Puranas ?
Sarga (creation of the world), Pratisarga (Recreation), Manvantaras (Period of the various Manus), Vamsha (genealogies of the gods and rishis), Vamshanucharita (texts relating to royal dynasties ; Suryavanshis and Chandravanshis).
63
Who wrote the Puranas ?
Ved Vyasa.
64
How many Yugas make up a Mahayuga?
4
65
How many Mahayugas make a Kalpa?
100
66
Every Kalpa is divided into what?
14 Manvantaras presided over by a specific Manu.
67
Puranas are divided further into what?
18 Mahapuranas such as Brahma, Vishnu, Narada, Bhagavata, Padma, Garuda, Varada, Matsya, Kurma, Linga, Shira, Skauda, Agni and Vamana.
68
Mahabharata has a section called what ?
Ramopakhyana.
69
When was Mahabharata composed?
between 400 BCE - 400 CE
70
Who composed Mahabharata ?
Ved Vyasa
71
How may books are there for Mahabharata and how many verses ?
18 parvas and 1 lakh verses.
72
When did Mahabharata happen?
Dvapara yuga.
73
When was Ramayana composed ?
between 400 BCE - 300 CE
74
Who composed Ramayana ?
Valmiki
75
How many books does Ramayana have and how many verses?
7 kandas and 24000 verses.
76
When did Rama lived ?
Treta yuga.
77
Aryan tribes were called what?
Janas
78
What was the chief called ?
Gopa or Gopati.
79
Who were the enemies of the Aryans?
Panis
80
What is the chief queen called ?
Mahisi
81
Non-Vedic people are called what?
Dasas or Dasyus or a-krata or a-vrata.
82
What was the basic social unit ?
Kula
83
Who was the head of the family ?
Kulapa
84
What was the person who owned many cattle called?
Gomat
85
What was the unit of currency ?
Niksha also known as prestation
86
What was Indra also called ?
Urvarajit , Purandhar, Maghavan, and Vritrahan.
87
How many hymns are dedicated to Indra ?
250
88
How many hymns are dedicated to Agni ?
200
89
How many hymns are dedicated to Soma?
All hymns of the 11 mandals.

INDIAN HISTORY (2 decks)

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