The Use of Data Flashcards
What are the factors affecting the uptake of care?
Concept of lay referral
Sources of information- peers, family, internet etc
Medical factors-increasing severity, visible symptoms
Non-medical factors- crisis, peer pressure
What issues might there be in a diagnosis from a patients perspective?
Believes themselves to be healthy
Is physically fit
Proud not to be using tablets
What are the three main aims when providing information to a patient?
Description- to describe the amount and distribution of disease in human populations
Explanation- To elucidate the natural history and identify aetiological factors for disease usually by combining epidemiological data with data from other disciplines
Disease control- To provide the basis on which preventative measures, public health practices and therapeutic strategies can be developed and implemented
How is relative risk calculated?
Relative risk = incidence of disease in exposed group/incidence of disease in unexposed group
What are the sources of epidemiological data?
Mortality data Hospital activity statistics Reproductive health statistics Cancer statistics Accident statistics General practice morbidity Health and household surveys Social security statistics Drug misuse database Expenditure data from NHS
What is healthy literacy?
Health literacy is about people having the knowledge, skills, understanding and confidence to use health information to be active partners in their care and to navigate health and social care systems
What are the goals of SIGN guidelines?
To help health/socialcare professionals and patients to understand medical evidence and use it to make decisions about healthcare
Reduce unwarranted variations in practice and make sure patients get the best care available
Improve healthcare across Scotland by focusing on patient-important outcomes
What is a descriptive study?
Descriptive studies attempt to describe the amount and distribution of a disease in a given population
What is a cross-sectional study?
In cross-sectional studies, observations are made at a single point in time
What are case control studies?
In case control studies, two groups of people are compared:
a group of people who have the disease (cases)
a group of individuals who do not have the disease (controls)
What are cohort studies?
In cohort studies, baseline data on exposure are collected from a group of people who do not have the disease under study. The group is then followed through time until a sufficient number have developed the disease to allow analysis
What are the factors to consider when interpreting results?
Standardisation Standardised mortality ratio Quality of data Case definition Coding and classification Ascertainment
What are the different kinds of bias?
Selection bias
Information bias
Follow up bias
Systematic error
What are the criteria for causality?
Strength of association Consistency Specificity Temporality Biological gradient Biological plausibility Coherence Analogy Experiment
