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US History > The US & WWI > Flashcards

The US & WWI Flashcards

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1
Q

neutrality

A
  • 1914-1917
  • US attempted neutrality in WWI
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2
Q

isolationist

A
  • post-WWI
  • US never joined league of nations
  • isolationist: decrease immigration + close borders
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3
Q

woodrow wilson

A

US pres. during WWI

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4
Q

allied powers

A

france, britain, US, italy

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5
Q

central powers

A

germany, austria-hungary, russia

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6
Q

british blockade (effects on US trade)

A
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7
Q

prepardness

A

18-month training period for US soldiers after declaration of war (apr. 6, 1917)

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8
Q

unrestricted submarine warfare

A
  • warfare used primarily by GER in WWI
  • went against prize rules (=GER did not warn/search ships before sinking them)
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9
Q

strict accountability

A
  • speech given by pres. wilson
  • vaguely insinuates that US will go to war w/ GER if they continue USW
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10
Q

rms lusitania

A
  • US ship sunk by GER may 1915
  • 1100/1900 died, 128 US casualties
  • GER gave warnings in newspapers before sinking ship
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11
Q

sussex pledge

A
  • pledge given by GER in 1916
  • vowed to stop USW + pledged to follow prize rules
  • apologized for lusitania
  • sunk french passenger boat (50 died)
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12
Q

national defense act

A
  • update to militia act
  • standardized national guard training
  • 1916
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13
Q

naval construction act

A
  • 1916
  • set 3 yr plan for navy after lusitania
  • by 1917-5 new ships built
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14
Q

election of 1916

A
  • wilson vs. hughes
  • wilson-dem, hughes-rep
  • wilson re-elected
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15
Q

“he kept us out of war”

A

pres. wilson’s campaign slogan

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15
Q

peace without victory

A
  • speech given by pres. wilson
  • predicted treaty of versailles (punitive on GER)
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16
Q

zimmerman telegram

A
  • march 1917
  • GER threatened/offered to give 4 US states back to Mexico
  • Mexico ignored request
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17
Q

russian revolution (impact on war)

A
  • march 1917-1st russian revolution, social dem. come into power
  • april 17: us declares war
  • oct-nov: 2nd russian revolution, bolsheviks come into power
  • dec 17: russia negotiates peace w/ GER, hand over land
  • US pressured to send troops to western front
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18
Q

total war

A
  • complete mobilization of ALL possible ressources
  • huge increase in gov’t power-railroads, utilities, food industry…etc
  • WWI ex) ads for grandmas to knit socks, propaganda geared to children, german music banned in US
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19
Q

selective service act

A
  • 1917
  • authorizes fed gov’t to raise army through draft (naval yard workers exempt)
  • may 1917-all men 21-30, aug 1918-all mem 18-45
  • 2.8 million drafted
  • 2 million volunteered
  • 350k dodged draft
20
Q

war revenue act

A
  • 1917
  • raised taxes, anyone who made $1.5 million+ owed 67% of income
  • 1913-1% -> 7%
  • 1917-10% -> 67%
21
Q

liberty bonds

A

money americans loaned to US gov’t in hopes of being paid back + interest if victors of WWI

22
Q

command economy

A
  • controlled by fed gov’t = communist society
  • US production increased by 20%, exports to europe tripled, war products became more popular
23
Q

war industries board

A
  • 1917
  • nicknamed “fast time”
  • head of board = herbert hoover, “food will win us the war”
  • standardized production + established quotas in collaboration w/ labor unions
  • increased tensions between employers & employees
24
Q

lever act/ food administration

A
  • 1917
  • act created US food admin.
  • controlled all food production, prices, distribution
  • made food patriotic w/ ads
  • encouraged victory gardens, 8.2 million planted
25
Q

railroad adminstration act

A
  • 1917
  • outlawed private ownership of major railroads
  • gov’t gave them back to original owners 18 months after WWI
26
Q

war labor board

A
  • head-taft
  • 1918
  • outlawed labor strikes during WWI
  • raised wages by 5%, improved working conditions
  • union membership increased, unemployment at all time low
27
Q

committee on public information

A
  • 1918
  • head-george creel
  • used propaganda to win hearts & minds on US citizens
  • four minutmen hired to deliver 4 min speeches to public in support of WWI
28
Q

espionage act

A
  • 1917
  • did not allow anyone to be a spy of supoort US enemies
  • still in effect today
29
Q

seditions act

A
  • 1918
  • made it temporarily illegal to criticize US flag, gov’t, pres, army, & gov’t uniforms
30
Q

schenck vs. united states

A
  • supreme court decision
  • ruled that free speech must be limited during wartimes
31
Q

nativism

A

anti-immigrational attitude in US during WWI

32
Q

anti-german sentiment

A
  • german music banned in US
  • hamburger renamed liberty steak, everything w/ german origins renamed using “liberty”
33
Q

american protective league

A
  • 1917
  • nativist vigilante group that lynched germans & their suspected sympathizers/ spies
34
Q

spanish flu

A
  • flu first reported by spanish newspapers
  • 1918-1920: 10% of worldwide pop. (18-40) died
35
Q

women’s role in WWI

A
  • red cross nurses on battlefields
  • hello-girl connect french-american phonelines (had to be fluent, 700k applied for position)
  • 1 million entered factory workforce
  • rosie the riveter
  • 19th & 18th amendment passed
36
Q

great migration

A
  • 4 million african americans move from south to north to escape sharecropping & jim crows laws (using railroad system)
  • 1916
37
Q

harlem hellfighters

A
  • 1st all black unit in WWI
  • fought alongside french
  • won prestigious french awards for combat
38
Q

american expeditionary force

A
  • pershing’s all white war unit
  • don’t fight ‘till march
  • 1.5 million see combat, 110-120k died
39
Q

wilson’s fourteen points

A
  • MAIN points
  • 1st: free trade, open treaties, freedom of seas, arms reduction, adjust. colonial claims
  • 2-8: right of ppl to decide their own gov’t
  • 14: international organization to settle disputes
40
Q

paris peace conference

A
  • wilson doesn’t bring any rep. senators w/ him
  • wilson got spanish flu
  • led by big 4
  • US: 14 pts
  • ITA: wanted balkan territory contorlled by austria-hungary
  • FRA: severly punished GER
  • BRIT: moderately punished GER
  • GER & USSR not invited
  • rep. JAP: wanted racial equality clause (denied)
  • Ho Chi Minh: vietnamese student in france that wanted to meet wilson bc of colonial claims clause (denied as well)
41
Q

treaty of versailles

A
  • 1919
  • wilson compromised w/ europe = failed peace w/out victory
  • 100% blame placed on GER
  • league of nations ratified, US doesn’t join
42
Q

henry cabot lodge & 14 reservations

A
  • wilson’s main rep. opponent
  • 14 reservations created to spite wilson’s stubborness
  • US never joined league of nations = had to negotiate individual peace treaties
43
Q

red scare

A

actions taken by US fed. gov’t to persecute suspected communists

44
Q

xenophobia

A

fear of teh unknown

45
Q

global consequences

A
  • 37 million causalties, 20 million deaths (10 million civilian deaths)
  • EUR infrastructure destroyed, mass starvation, relied heavily on US farms
  • rise of communism in russia -> red scare
  • beggining of modern age & technology
46
Q

american consequences

A
  • rejection of wilson’s ideals
  • return to isolationism-anti-immigration policies
  • US=major economic power
  • rapid demobilization-no transition period
  • infaltion-1913-1920 rent doubled
  • labor unrest-20% of workforce on strike
  • 19th & 18th amendment passed as thank-you to women (right to vote + prohibition of alcohol)
47
Q

ranking of US involvement causes

A
  1. economic financiers of war
  2. allied propaganda & bias
  3. unrestricted submarine warfare
  4. zimmerman telegram
  5. democracy/wilson’s vision of peace
48
Q

US role changes during war

A
  1. neural power: 1914-1917
  2. attempted peace mediator
  3. victicious power: win war + write treaty of versailles
  4. alienated & isolationist nation: regret for WWI, anti-immigrationist policies + close borders

US History (2 decks)

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