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Rebecca Walker > The Urinary System : Key Terms > Flashcards

The Urinary System : Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

angiotensin

A

a substance that increases blood pressure; activated in the blood by renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys

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2
Q

calyx

A

a cup-like cavity in the pelvis of the kidney; also calix

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3
Q

diuresis

A

excretion of urine; usually meaning increased urinary excretion

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4
Q

diuretic

A

a substance that increases the excretion of urine, pertaining to diuresis

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5
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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6
Q

glomerular capsule

A

the cup-shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and receives material filtered out of the blood; Bowman capsule

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7
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

the fluid dissolved materials that filter out the blood and enter the nephron through the glomerular capsule

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8
Q

glomerulus

A

the cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule

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9
Q

kidney

A

an organ of excretion; the two kidneys filter the blood and form urine, which contains metabolic waste products and other substances as needed to regulate the water, electrolyte and pH balance of body fluids

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10
Q

micturition

A

the voiding of urine; urination

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11
Q

nephron

A

a microscopic functional unit of the kidney; working with the blood vessels, the nephron filters the blood and balances the composition of urine

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12
Q

renal cortex

A

the kidney’s outer portion; contains portions of the nephrons

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13
Q

renal medulla

A

the kidney’s inner portion; contains portions of the nephrons and ducts that transport urine toward the renal pelvis

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14
Q

renal pyramid

A

a triangular structure in the renal medulla; composed of the nephron’s loops and collecting ducts

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15
Q

renin

A

an enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates angiotensin in the blood

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16
Q

trigone

A

a triangle at the base of the bladder formed by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra

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17
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

the return of substances from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peritubular capillaries

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18
Q

urea

A

the main nitrogenous (nitrogen - containing) waste product in the urine

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19
Q

ureter

A

the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

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20
Q

urethra

A

the the that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

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21
Q

urinary bladder

A

the organ that that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys

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22
Q

urination

A

voiding of urine; micturition

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23
Q

urine

A

fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes. Other substances may appear in cases of disease

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24
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

a hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine

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25
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of body fluids

26
Q

bacteriuria

A

presence of bacteria in the urine

27
Q

cast

A

a solid mold of a renal tubule found in the urine

28
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder; usually as a result of infection

29
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

30
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney primarily involving the glomeruli. The acute form usually occurs after an infection elsewhere in the body; the chronic form varies in cause and usually leads to renal failure

31
Q

hematuria

A

presence of blood in the urine

32
Q

hydronephrosis

A

collection of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction; results in distention and renal atrophy

33
Q

hypokalemia

A

deficiency of potassium in the blood

34
Q

hyponatremia

A

deficiency of sodium in the blood

35
Q

hypoproteinemia

A

decreased amount of protein in the blood; may be caused by kidney damage resulting in protein loss

36
Q

hyperkalemia

A

excess amount of potassium in the blood

37
Q

hypernatremia

A

excess amount of sodium in the blood

38
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

condition that results from glomerular damage leadings to loss of protein in the urine. There is low plasma protein, edema, and increased blood lipids as the liver releases lipoproteins. Also called nephrosis.

39
Q

oliguria

A

elimination of small amounts of urine

40
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine

41
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually caused by infection

42
Q

pyuria

A

presence of pus in the urine

43
Q

renal colic

A

radiating pain in the region of the kidney associated with the passage of a stone

44
Q

uremia

A

presence of toxic levels of urea and other nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of renal insufficiency

45
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra, usually due to infection

46
Q

urinary stasis

A

stoppage of urine; urinary stagnation

47
Q

catheterization

A

introduction of a tube into a passage, such as through the urethra into the bladder for a withdrawal of urine

48
Q

cystoscope

A

an instrument for examining the interior of the urinary bladder. Also used for removing foreign objects, for surgery, and for other forms of treatment

49
Q

dialysis

A

separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane. Dialysis is used to rid the body of unwanted substances when the kidneys are impaired or missing. The two forms are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

50
Q

hemodialysis

A

removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane

51
Q

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

intravenous urogrpahy

52
Q

intravenous urography (IVU)

A

radiographic visualization of the urinary tract after intravenous administration of a contrast medium that is excreted in the urine; also called excretory urography or intravenous pyelography, although the latter is less accurate because the procedure shows more than on renal pelvis

53
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing of a stone

54
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

removal of unwanted substances from the body by introduction of a dialyzing fluid into the peritoneal cavity followed by the removal of fluid

55
Q

retrograde pyelography

A

pyelography in which the contrast medium is injected into the kidneys from below, by the way of the ureters

56
Q

specific gravity (SG)

A

the weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water. The SG of normal urine ranges from 1.015 to 1.025. This value may increase or decrease in disease

57
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

lab study of the urine. Physical and chemical properties and microscopic appearance are included

58
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

59
Q

ileal conduit

A

diversion of urine by connection of the ureters to an isolated segment of the ileum. One end of the segment is sealed, and the other drains through an opening in the abdominal wall. A procedure used when the bladder is removed or nonfunctional. AKA ileal bladder.

60
Q

lithotomy

A

incision of an organ to remove a stone (calculus)

61
Q

renal transplantation

A

surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient

Rebecca Walker (1 decks)

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