the urinary system

Question 1

What pressure is the highest in the renal corpuscle under normal circumstances?

Answer 1

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 2

What is the function of the macula densa cells?

Answer 2

Monitor the sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule and regulate the release of renin

Question 3

Why would an obstruction in the proximal convoluted tubule decrease glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 3

It would hinder the flow to filtrate from the glomerulus into the tubule

Question 4

what type of cells make the proximal and distal convoluted tubules>

Answer 4

Cuboidal epithelial cells

Question 5

If you were to take all the functions of the kidneys and summarize them into one general function, what would it be??

Answer 5

to regulate the composition and volume of blood, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, and remove waste products from the body

Question 6

The renal corpuscle consists of what two parts?

Answer 6

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

Question 7

The part of the juxtamedullary nephron that is in the renal medulla is the…

Answer 7

loop of henel

Question 8

Filtration of blood in the glomerular ie promoted by…

Answer 8

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 9

Where are podocyte cells found

Answer 9

renal corpuscle

Question 10

Excluding the collecting duct where is the concentration of solutes in tubular fluid the greatest?

Answer 10

loop of henel

Question 11

what is found in glomerular filtrate

Answer 11

water electrolytes, glucose, amino acids and products waste

Question 12

What will happen to the pressure in the glomerulus if the diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the diameter of the afferent arteriole

Answer 12

the pressure in the glomerulus will increase

Question 13

What triggers a decrease in GFR in the myogenic mechanism of renal auto regulations

Answer 13

increased systemic blood pressure

Question 14

What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide in renal autoregulation of GFR

Answer 14

ANP promotes the dilation of the afferent arteriole

Question 15

what substances are almost completely reabsorbed

Answer 15

glucose, amino acid, water and electrolytes

Question 16

Most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occurs in the….

Answer 16

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 17

Uptake of substances from the lumen of the kidney tubules is known as…

Answer 17

tubular reabsorption

Question 18

How much urine is normally produced in a day?

Answer 18

1.5 - 2 litters

Question 19

What happens when the level of aldosterone in the blood increase?

Answer 19

promotes the reabsorption of sodium ions (Na+) and water in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Question 20

What does ADH do to principal cells?

Answer 20

increases the permeability of principal cells in the collecting duct to water, allowing for increased water reabsorption and concentrated the urine

Question 21

So the permeability of the collecting ducts to water is regulated by the hormone

Answer 21

APH

Question 22

What is the role of intercalated cells?

Answer 22

maintaining ph balance of the body

Question 23

Where does facultative reabsorption of water manly occur

Answer 23

collecting ducts and it is regulated by neohrons in the kidney

Question 24

What does obligatory reabsorption mean?

Answer 24

automatic and nonregulated reabsorption of water and solutes in the renal tubules of nephrons

Question 25

What is the equation for NFP

Answer 25

Net Filtration Pressure; NFP = (HPc - HPif) - (OPc - OPif)

Question 26

List the vessels in the correct order of blood flow

Answer 26

afferent arteriote, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries or vasa recta, veins (the eventually form the renal vein)

Artery→ Arterioles→ Capillaries→ Venules→ Veins

Question 27

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 27

sodium reabsorption, potassium excretion, water reabsorption acid-base balance

Question 28

What is clearance?

Answer 28

rate at which a substance is removed from the blood plasma by kidney

Question 29

What is the purpose of urea recycling?

Answer 29

Conserve nitrogen and maintain appropriate levels of nitrogen-containing compounds in the body