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The Urinary System > The Urinary System > Flashcards

The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

List the 2 functions of the urinary system:

A
  1. Produce urine

2. Eliminate it from the body

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2
Q

What organs make up the urinary system?

A 
2 kidneys
2 ureters 
1 bladder
1 urethra 
Also male and female genitalin
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3
Q

What anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures and helps maintain normal position?

A

Connective tissue

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4
Q

What supplies blood to the kidneys?

A

Renal artery

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5
Q

What is the definition of nephrons?

A

Nephrons is where the kidneys work is actually done

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6
Q

What are the 3 main parts of nephrons?

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Tubule
  3. Bowman’s capsule
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7
Q

Where does filtration take place?

A

In the glomerulus

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8
Q

What processes the blood before returning it to the general circulation?

A

The kidneys

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9
Q

Functions of the kidneys:

A
  1. To produce and secrete urine
    - stability of the body’s internal environment depends on it
  2. Fluid and electrolyte balance
    - varying the amounts of water and electrolytes leaving the blood in urine
  3. Acid-base balance (proper pH)
    - acids are constantly being produced by cell metabolism
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10
Q

Urea:

A

nitrogenous wastes from protein metabolism

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11
Q

What happens in kidney failure?

A

Certain things are not held to their normal concentrations leading to possible death

  • sodium
  • potassium
  • chloride
  • nitrogenous wastes (urea) from protein metabolism
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12
Q

How do kidneys form urine?

A

By means of 3 processes:

  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
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13
Q

Filtration:

A

Water, electrolytes, and nutrients move from the blood, in the glomerulus, to bowman’s capsule and eventually move into the kidney tubules

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14
Q

Reabsorption:

A

A major portion of water and electrolytes (not all) and normally all nutrients move from the tubules back into the blood.

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15
Q

Two hormones that regulate urine volume:

A 
AHD
Aldosterone (adrenal)
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16
Q

Secretion:

A

Other substances move from the blood and into the distal tubules

17
Q

What regulates the volume of urine produced?

A

Changes in the amount reabsorbed from the distal and collecting tubules

18
Q

What happens after urine is secreted?

A

It drops out of the collecting tubules into the ureters and eventually down to the bladder

19
Q

What does ureters contain?

A

Muscle tissue

20
Q

Function of ureters:

A
  • Collects urine as it forms in drains into the bladder

- waves of involuntary muscle contraction force urine down to ureters and into the bladder

21
Q

What forms the wall of the bladder?

A

Smooth muscle fibres

22
Q

Bladder structure:

A
  • Bladder capable of considerable distension.

- Three openings in the floor of the bladder. Two form ureter and one into urethra

23
Q

Functions of the bladder:

A
  1. Reservoir for urine before it leaves the body

2. Aided by urethra, expels urine from the body

24
Q

Urethra male versus female:

A

Female: 1-1/2 inches
Male: approx. 8 inches

25
Q

Functions of the urethra:

A
  • passageway from the bladder to the outside of the body
  • male urethra is terminal portion of reproductive tract (passageway for semen)
  • female it serves only urinary tract
26
Q

The male urethra has two passageways, what are they for?

A

Semen and urine

27
Q

Urine is water/waste produced in the kidneys and released from what?

A

The bladder

28
Q

True or false

Urine is approximately 95% water.

A

True

29
Q

Urine (95% water) dissolves in several kinds of substances, what are they?

A
  1. Nitrogenous waste from protein metabolism such as urea
  2. Electrolytes – mainly sodium, potassium, chloride etc.
  3. Toxins – during disease, bacterial poisons leave the body in urine
  4. Pigments – Yellow form bile pigments
  5. Hormones – to determine, urine is checked for a certain hormone
  6. Various abnormal constituents – Glucose and blood most common
30
Q

What does the integumentary system (skin) excrete?

A

Water
Electrolytes
Small amounts of nitrogenous waste

31
Q

What does the respiratory system (lungs) excrete?

A

Carbon dioxide

Water

32
Q

What does the digestive system (large intestine) excrete?

A

Wastes from digestion
Some metabolic wastes
Salts of calcium and other heavy metals

33
Q

Functions of the urinary tract, is the most important mechanism for maintaining a…?

A

Constant internal environment for the body, essential for life

34
Q

True or false

The left kidney is usually slightly larger than the right kidney.

A

True

The Urinary System (1 decks)

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