The Trunk/Torso Flashcards
Vertebrae #
7 cervical 12 thoracic - look like giraffe 5 lumbar - thickest bodies - look like moose 5 sacral - fused in adults 4 coccygeal - fused in adults
Is hyperextension good for the back?
Yes
What kind of joint are between the vertebrae?
Amphiarthrosis
Body - joint - body
What kind of joint is the intervertebral/interbody joints and where do they lie and what movement do they have??
Fibroscartilaginous amphiarthroses (symphysis)
between bodies C2-L5
glide and slightly rotate
what are the primary shock absorbers in the spine?
Intervertebral discs and bodies of the vertebrae
what joint is the atlantoaxial joint
pivot joint (diarthroses)
What joint is the occipitoalanto joint and movement
Condyloid joint (diarthroses) flexion/EXTension; lateral flexion/reduction
S1-S5
fused synarthroses joints
coccyx
fused synarthroses joints
another name for facet joints?
apophyseal joints
facet joints or apophyseal joints movements
gliding synovial joint
Transverse and spinous processes server as…
“outriggers” and are important attachment sites for muscles and ligaments. They increase the mechanical advantage of the muscle.
What is the primary purpose of the facet/apophyseal joints?
“guide” movement among the vertebrae
The inter body joints act as _____ and are very important for _____ _____.
spacers
shock absorption
T/F Large movement occurs between two adjacent vertebrae, therefore, trunk movement depends largely on the summation of these large movements. Typically we think in terms of regional movement such as “cervical” flexion or “thoracic” rotation.
False little movement occurs between two adjacent vertebrae
summation of small movements
The cervical region is highly mobile but cervical circumduction is contraindicated, why?
it damages the facet/apohysial joints
Thoracic region movements
some flexion/extension
hyperextension is limited
some rotation
Lumbar region movements
quite a bit of flexion and extension/hyperextension
limited rotation
T/F Movements involving the lumbar flexion under significant load (significant compression) are good for the intervertebral discs
False
Flexion with significant load is very irritating to the intervertebral discs
T/F Loaded lumbar flexion coupled with torsion is good, especially when the movement is ballistic.
False
its devastating
T/F Sometimes, it is good to perform spinal flexion and extension slowly…very slowly…with very light loads…to work the deep paraspinal muscles such as the multifidus, rotators, and interspinalis.
True
What is the main job of the torso muscles?
Stabilization
The torso is comprised of a high percentage of what muscle fiber type?
Slow twitch fibers for stabilization; therefore symmetry, balance, flexibility, and isometric strength are very important
lordosis
excessive lumbar lordosis, “swayback”
huge curve in low back
kyphosis
excessive thoracic kyphosis, “hunchback”
neck protruded forward like a giraffe
scoliosis
misalignment of the spine in the sagittal plane
Rectus Abdominis
8 pack
O: crest of pubic bone
I: Cartilage of ribs 5,6,7 and xiphoid process
A: brings rib cage & pelvis together. Trunk flexion. IMPORTANT for 1st 30deg
WR: crunches; key is to keep pelvis in posterior tilt (lower back flat)
External oblique
O: lower 8 ribs at about the point that the serratus ant originates
I: Ant crest ilium, pubic crest, & lateral fascia of rectus abdominis
A: trunk rotation opposite the oblique. That is, left ext oblique causes right trunk rotation; helps in flexion
WR: bent knee sit up with twist
Internal oblique
O: ant portion iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I: costal cartilage ribs 8,9,10; linea alba
A: trunk rotation in the same direction as the oblique. That is, right internal oblique will cause right trunk rotation
WR: Bent knee sit up with a twist
Transverse Abdominis
O: inguinal ligament; inner rim of the ant portion iliac crest; inner surface costal cartilage ribs 7-12
I: pubic crest, linea alba
A: IMPORTANT for forced expiration during exercise or asthma attack. Vacuum action of abdominal region.
Erector Spinae
Sacrospinalis
O: multiple origins
I: multiple insertions
Three ascending tracts:
Medial: spinalis dorsi, Middle: longissimus dorsi, Lateral: iliocostalis
A: trunk extension/hyperextension; lateral flexion and reduction
WR: dead lift; glut ham raises
Quadratus Lumborum (“_________”)
“guy wires” for lumbar stabilization
O: post inner lip iliac crest
I: transverse processes L1-L4 & inf border 12th rib
A: Lateral flexion and reduction of trunk
WR: side bends with dumbbell; lateral planks; hip hikes
Sternocleidomastoid
O: manubrium; medial aspect clavical
I: mastoid process
A: flexion at neck, lateral flexion and reductionat neck
WR: nautilus four way neck machine
HAT
head
arms
trunk
What serves to protect rather than support in the spine?
Sacrum - no bodies, weight of the HAT is dissipated laterally through the sacroiliac (SI) joints
Where is shock absorption facilitated at?
intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies
T/F circumduction of the neck is good for the neck
False
it damages the cervical facets
