The Transformation of Europe

Question 1

According the the divine-right theory of government, the king derives his authority from?

Answer 1

derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects

Question 2

The new monarchs were not characterized by?

Answer 2

the commitment to individual liberty

Question 3

Reforms of Peter 1 did not include?

Answer 3

forming a council of nobles to advise him on how best to improve the lives of serfs

Question 4

Seventeenth-century constitutional monarchies were not characterized by?

Answer 4

the election of the monarch by the merchant class

Question 5

The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years War, ensured that?

Answer 5

• Germany remained fragmented
• the nations of Europe would no longer o to war over religion
• each nation was permitted to direct its own internal affairs
• the balance of power was the new principle of European diplomacy

Question 6

What were the new monarchs characterized by?

Answer 6

• large centrally administered bureaucracies
• standing professional armies
• increased state revenues through taxes
• enhanced power at the expense of nobles

Question 7

What did the reforms of Peter I include?

Answer 7

• offering better pay for peasants who served for life as professional soldiers
• forcing his subjects to adopt western fashions
• building the city of St. Petersburg to serve as a base of naval operations
• providing extensive training and modern weapons to soldiers.

Question 8

Seventeenth-century monarchies were characterized by?

Answer 8

• representational institutions such as parliament
• a system of shared authority
• state support for maritime trade and international commerce
• recognition of individual rights