The Tourism Area Life Cycle Model (TALC) Flashcards
When was it made, and why?
1980 (Butler), as a way of showing how the majority of tourism destinations move through a cycle.
How many stages are there? What are they?
6 -
1) Exploration - destination small and unknown, lack of facilities.
2) Involvement - word spread, locals get involved, ‘tourist season’ develops.
3) Development - arrivals grow rapidly, TNCs get involved, ore facilities.
4) Consolidation - growth rate decreases, resentment from locals grows, carrying capacity starting to be met.
5) Stagnation- carrying capacity reaches, appeal decreases.
6) Rejuvenation (new, must-see facilities built) / Decline (fewer visitors, run-down) / Stabilisation (redevelopment of current) / Modest Growth / Catastrophic Events
What shape is the TALC model?
S
What does the model aim to do?
Draw attention to the dynamic nature of destinations, and allow places to plan and prepare for potential decline.
How does Blackpool relate to the TALC?
Follows very closely.
1) Visitors almost nil in 1800
2) Started to grow rapidly in late 1800s.
3) Peaked at 17 million in the 1950s.
4) Staggered up and down for the next 30 years.
5) Fell drastically to 11 million in 2000.
What are some strengths of the TALC?
+ Over 40 years old, still being used.
+ Attempts to portray a common pattern, does often fit eg Blackpool.
+ Allows places to try and prevent decline.
What are some weaknesses of the TALC?
- Only works for mass tourism. Tourism becoming more diverse, no longer relevant. Doesn’t fit niche tourism where numbers are lower.
- Many places don’t follow it ie quickly going out of fashion Sharm El Sheikh in Egypt.
- External shocks eg covid, global financial crisis, 911.
- Based on tourism numbers, when still may be successful.
How to structure 20 marker?
1) Intro, Butler 1980, S shapes
2) Strengths, apply to Blackpool
3) Weaknesses, put other egs, ecotourism, meant to be small scale, also external shocks,
THREAD NAMES OF STAGES THROUGHOUT.
