The TMJ Flashcards
Structural flow chart of bronchial tree
Secondary bronchi (hyaline cartilage) Tertiary bronchi (columnar epithelial cartilage) Smaller bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles
How to treat pneumothorax
Large bore cannula mid clavicular line 2nd intercostal space
Borders of the larynx
- Anteriorly: infrahyoid muscles
- Laterally: thyroid gland
- Posteriorly: oesophagus
Unpaired cartilage in larynx
Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
Paired cartilage in larynx
Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
Examples of intrinsic compression
Stricture, carcinoma, bolus, oesophageal spasm
Examples of extrinsic compression
Bronchus carcinoma, aortic aneurysm, goitre
Common causes of swallowing issues
GORD and oesophageal cancer
MS
- Link to Epstein-Barr virus (glandular fever)
- Antibodies to EB are similar to myelin ABs
- Demyelination in brain = swallowing difficulties
- Associated with pain - trigeminal neuralgia, triggered by chewing, yawning, sneezing etc
- Vision and eye pain, diplopia, vertigo, dysphagia
Vallate papilli
Small bumps on tongue
CN taste of tongue
Anterior 2/3 is chorda tympani
Posterior 1/3 is glossopharyngeal
1st arch
CN5
2nd arch
CN7
3rd arch
CN9
4/6th arch
CN10
Masseter function
elevates mandible in closing jaw, protrudes mandible
Temporalis function
Elevates mandible in closing jaw, retracts mandible
Medial pterygoid function
Elevates mandible in closing jaw, protrudes mandible, chewing movements
Lateral pterygoid function
- Protracts/protrudes mandible - acts bilaterally
- Depresses chin
Functions of larynx
- Phonation
- Articulation with mouth and tongue
- Breathing
- Phonation
- Sensory stimulation of back of tongue should stimulate swallowing
Where do the muscles of mastication arise from and what are they innervated by?
first arch, trigeminal nerve
What type of joint is the TMJ?
Hinge type of synovial
Locked jaw
head of mandible dislocated anterior to articular tubercle
Swallowing process
- Voluntary oral phase: cerebral cortex control, 5,7,9,10,12
- Involuntary pharyngeal phase: swallowing centre in medulla oblongata - reflex 5, 9, 10, 12 - respiration is stopped
- Involuntary oesophageal phase: 10, 9 and sympathetic fibres (peristalsis)
Deglutition reflex
- Sensory receptors in oropharynx send signal to deglutition centre in brain stem
- Initiates motor activity via 5, 9, 10 and 12th cranial nerves
- Elevates soft palate to close nasopharynx
- Moves epiglottis and elevates and closes off larynx
- Initiates peristalsis of pharynx and oesophagus
