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Endocrine - Anatomy (Year 2) > The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands > Flashcards

The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral levels does the thyroid gland sit between?

A

C5 to T1

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2
Q

What cartilaginous structures does the thyroid sit between?

A

Thyroid cartilage

6th tracheal ring

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3
Q

Identify and name the strap muscles that sit over the thyroid gland?

A
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
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4
Q

What two nerves supply the strap muscles?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

  • Supplies everything but cricothyroid
  • Runs between trachea and oesophagus

Superior laryngeal nerve

  • Supplies cricothyroid
  • Runs alongside sup. thyroid artery
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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the thyroid gland?

A

Sup. thyroid artery

Inf. thyroid artery

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6
Q

From which artery does the sup thyroid artery arise?

A

ECA

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7
Q

From which artery does the inf thyroid artery arise?

A

Subclavian

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8
Q

What is the drainage of the thyroid artery?

A

Sup

Middle

Inf

Thyroid veins

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9
Q

What do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain into?

A

IJV

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10
Q

What does the inferior thyroid vein drain into?

A

Left brachiocephalic

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11
Q

How are thyroid hormones stored in the gland?

A

In cavities surrounded by secretory cells

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12
Q

What is the cavity combined with the secretory cell collectively known as?

A

Follicle

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13
Q

How arethe thyroid hormones stored within the follicle?

A

Bound to glycoproteins and is known as colloid

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14
Q

Identify

A) Colloid

B) Follicular cells

A
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15
Q

What type of cells line the follicle?

A

Cuboidal epithelial cells

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16
Q

What are the clear cells on histology of the thyroid and what do they produce?

A

C cells

Secrete calcitonin

17
Q

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroxine

  • Triiodinothyronine (T3)
  • Tetraiodinothyronine (T4)

Calcitonin

18
Q

Where are the superior parathyroid glands?

A
  • Lateral to the thyroid lobes
  • Cricoid cartilage level
19
Q

How many thyroid glands does the average person have?

A

4

20
Q

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the parathyroids?

A

Via the inferior thyroid artery

  • Thyroid veins to IJV
21
Q

How are the parathyroid glands seperated from the thyroid?

A

By a thin fibrous capsule

22
Q

What are the two types of cells in the parathyroid glands?

A

Chief cells

Oxyphil cells

23
Q

What is parathyroid hormone secreted in response to and what is it’s action?

A

Low serum calcium

  • Stimulates osteoclasts to release Ca2+ and phosphate from bone
  • Inhibits osteoblasts
  • Increases renal calcium reabsorption
  • Increases renal phosphate secretion
  • Stimulates the kidney to release calcitriol

Endocrine - Anatomy (Year 2) (4 decks)

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