The Thirteen Colonies, British Empire, 1607-1750

Question 0

Corporate colonies

Answer 0

Operated by joint-stock companies: ex Jamestown

Question 1

Charter

Answer 1

A document granting special privileges

Question 2

Royal colonies

Answer 2

Under direct authority and rule of the king’s government: ex Virginia after 1624

Question 3

Proprietary colonies

Answer 3

Under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king: ex Maryland and Pennsylvania

Question 4

Chesapeake colonies

Answer 4

King Charles I subdivided the Virginia colony; chartered a new colony on each side of Chesapeake bay

Question 5

George Calvert (lord Baltimore)

Answer 5

Controlled Chesapeake bay

Question 6

Cecil Calvert

Answer 6

Son of first lord Baltimore; implemented his father’s plan to providing a haven for Catholics

Question 7

Act of toleration

Answer 7

1649: The first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians; called for death of anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus (persuaded by Calvert to adopt this act)

Question 8

Protestant revolt

Answer 8

Protestant resentment against a catholic proprietor; act of toleration repealed, Catholics lost right to vote in Maryland elections

Question 9

Sir William Berkeley

Answer 9

Royal governor of Virginia; policies favored large planters, failed to protect backwoods farmer’s settlements from Indian attacks

Question 10

Bacon’s rebellion (the Chesapeake revolution)

Answer 10

Nathaniel Bacon, a pour farmer, led a rebellion against Berkeley’s government; conducted raids and massacres against Indian villages

Question 11

Indentured servant

Answer 11

Under contract with a master or landowner who paid or their passage, young people from the British isles agreed to work for a specified period in return for room and board

Question 12

Headright system

Answer 12

In order to attract immigrants
Virginia offered 50 acres of land to
1: each immigrant who paid for his own passage
2: any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant’s passage

Question 13

Slavery 1660s

Answer 13

House of burgesses made law that discriminated; Africans were treated as life long slaves and whites set free after a certain period

Question 14

Providence 1636

Answer 14

Founded by Puritan minister Roger Williams; unique because

1: recognized he rights of native Americans and paid them for the use of their land
2: provided complete religious toleration

Question 15

Antinomianism

Answer 15

The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation

Question 16

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 16

Believed in antinomianism; banished from bay colony, led a group and founded Portsmouth in 1638

Question 17

Rhode Island

Answer 17

1644 founded by roger Williams who was granted a charter from the English parliament which joined providence and Portsmouth into a single colony; offered religious freedom so was a refuge for people with various faiths

Question 18

Reverend Thomas hooker

Answer 18

Led a large group of Boston puritans into the fertile Connecticut river valley and founded colony of Hartford 1636

Question 19

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639

Answer 19

First written constitution, in Hartford, established a representative government consisting of a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature

Question 20

New haven

Answer 20

Founded by John Davenport, 1637, south of Hartford

Question 21

Connecticut

Answer 21

1665: new haven joined with more democratic Hartford settlers to form colony; royal charter granted it a limited degree of self government including election of the governor

Question 22

New Hampshire

Answer 22

King Charles II separated this colony from the bay colony in 1679, made it a royal colony subject to the authority of an appointed governor

Question 23

Halfway covenant

Answer 23

Offered by clergymen to those who professed limited religious commitment; people who could now take part in church services and activities with out making a formal declaration of their total belief in Christ

Question 24

New England confederation

Answer 24

1643: four New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts bay, Connecticut, new haven) formed a military alliance; board comprised of two representatives from each colony, had limited powers (Set precedent for colonies taking unified action toward a common purpose)

Question 25

King Phillips war (1675-1676)

Answer 25

Chief of Wampanoags (metacom) united southern tribes against English settlers, eventually killed king Phillip and ending Native American resistance in New England

Question 26

Restoration

Answer 26

Restoration to power of an English monarch

Question 27

The Carolinas

Answer 27

Charles II granted land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to nobles, then the royal colonies N. & S. Carolina were formed

Question 28

South Carolina

Answer 28

Large rice growing plantations

Question 29

North Carolina

Answer 29

Sufficient tobacco farms, good harbors

Question 30

Quakers

Answer 30

Believed in the equality of all men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service; religious authority is found in each person's private soul and not in the bible or other outside source; highly persecuted

Question 31

William penn

Answer 31

In 1681, King Charles II handed over a large piece of his American land holdings to William Penn to satisfy a debt the king owed to Penn's father. This land included present-day Pennsylvania and Delaware

Question 32

Holy experiment

Answer 32

William penn wanted to test the ideas he developed of Quakers, wanted his colony to achieve 1: provide religious refuge for Quakers and others 2: liberal ideas in government 3: generate income and profits for himself

Question 33

Frame of government (1682-1683)

Answer 33

William penn provided for his colony; guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners and a written constitution, the charter of liberties

Question 34

Charter of liberties (1701)

Answer 34

Constitution that guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration

Question 35

Georgia

Answer 35

Last colony est. Defense buffer to protect South Carolina from invasion of Spanish Where prisoners and debtors were sent to relieve overcrowding and to start new life

Question 36

James Oglethorpe

Answer 36

Founded Georgia's first settlement savannah; made strict regulations, ban on drinking and prohibition of slavery

Question 37

Mercantilism

Answer 37

Regulate trade and production to be self sufficient; colonies exist to enrich the parent country

Question 38

Enumerated

Answer 38

to mention separately as if in counting; name one by one; specify, as in a list: Let me enumerate the many flaws in your hypothesis.

Question 39

Navigation acts (1650-1673)

Answer 39

England made regulations and rules on colonial trade 1: trade only using colonial built ships 2: all goods must pass through England's ports 3: only specified goods could be exported from the colonies Positives • New England ship building prospered • Chesapeake tobacco had a monopoly • English military forces protected colonies from French and Spanish attacks Negatives • colonial manufacturing limited • Chesapeake farmers received low prices for crops • colonists had to pay high prices for manufactured goods • created resentment in colonies

Question 40

Dominion of New England

Answer 40

King James II wanted more royal colony control; in 1686 combined colonies into one single unit; fell in glorious revolution

Question 41

Sir Edmund andros

Answer 41

Governor of the dominion of New England; unpopular because of levying taxes, limiting town meetings, revoking land titles

Question 42

Glorious revolution 1688

Answer 42

Overthrow of king James and uprise of William and Mary

Question 43

Triangular trade

Answer 43

American History . a pattern of colonial commerce in which slaves were bought on the African Gold Coast with New England rum and then traded in the West Indies for sugar or molasses, which was brought back to New England to be manufactured into rum

Question 44

Slavery

Answer 44

Increase for demand because • reduced migration • dependable work force • cheap labor

Question 45

Middle passage

Answer 45

the part of the Atlantic Ocean between the west coast of Africa and the West Indies: the longest part of the journey formerly made by slave ships.