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APUSH > The Thirteen Colonies, British Empire, 1607-1750 > Flashcards

The Thirteen Colonies, British Empire, 1607-1750 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
0
Q

Corporate colonies

A

Operated by joint-stock companies: ex Jamestown

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1
Q

Charter

A

A document granting special privileges

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2
Q

Royal colonies

A

Under direct authority and rule of the king’s government: ex Virginia after 1624

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3
Q

Proprietary colonies

A

Under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king: ex Maryland and Pennsylvania

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4
Q

Chesapeake colonies

A

King Charles I subdivided the Virginia colony; chartered a new colony on each side of Chesapeake bay

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5
Q

George Calvert (lord Baltimore)

A

Controlled Chesapeake bay

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6
Q

Cecil Calvert

A

Son of first lord Baltimore; implemented his father’s plan to providing a haven for Catholics

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7
Q

Act of toleration

A

1649: The first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians; called for death of anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus (persuaded by Calvert to adopt this act)

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8
Q

Protestant revolt

A

Protestant resentment against a catholic proprietor; act of toleration repealed, Catholics lost right to vote in Maryland elections

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9
Q

Sir William Berkeley

A

Royal governor of Virginia; policies favored large planters, failed to protect backwoods farmer’s settlements from Indian attacks

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10
Q

Bacon’s rebellion (the Chesapeake revolution)

A

Nathaniel Bacon, a pour farmer, led a rebellion against Berkeley’s government; conducted raids and massacres against Indian villages

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11
Q

Indentured servant

A

Under contract with a master or landowner who paid or their passage, young people from the British isles agreed to work for a specified period in return for room and board

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12
Q

Headright system

A

In order to attract immigrants
Virginia offered 50 acres of land to
1: each immigrant who paid for his own passage
2: any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant’s passage

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13
Q

Slavery 1660s

A

House of burgesses made law that discriminated; Africans were treated as life long slaves and whites set free after a certain period

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14
Q

Providence 1636

A

Founded by Puritan minister Roger Williams; unique because

1: recognized he rights of native Americans and paid them for the use of their land
2: provided complete religious toleration

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15
Q

Antinomianism

A

The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation

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16
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

Believed in antinomianism; banished from bay colony, led a group and founded Portsmouth in 1638

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17
Q

Rhode Island

A

1644 founded by roger Williams who was granted a charter from the English parliament which joined providence and Portsmouth into a single colony; offered religious freedom so was a refuge for people with various faiths

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18
Q

Reverend Thomas hooker

A

Led a large group of Boston puritans into the fertile Connecticut river valley and founded colony of Hartford 1636

19
Q

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639

A

First written constitution, in Hartford, established a representative government consisting of a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature

20
Q

New haven

A

Founded by John Davenport, 1637, south of Hartford

21
Q

Connecticut

A

1665: new haven joined with more democratic Hartford settlers to form colony; royal charter granted it a limited degree of self government including election of the governor

22
Q

New Hampshire

A

King Charles II separated this colony from the bay colony in 1679, made it a royal colony subject to the authority of an appointed governor

23
Q

Halfway covenant

A

Offered by clergymen to those who professed limited religious commitment; people who could now take part in church services and activities with out making a formal declaration of their total belief in Christ

24
Q

New England confederation

A

1643: four New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts bay, Connecticut, new haven) formed a military alliance; board comprised of two representatives from each colony, had limited powers
(Set precedent for colonies taking unified action toward a common purpose)

25
Q

King Phillips war (1675-1676)

A

Chief of Wampanoags (metacom) united southern tribes against English settlers, eventually killed king Phillip and ending Native American resistance in New England

26
Q

Restoration

A

Restoration to power of an English monarch

27
Q

The Carolinas

A

Charles II granted land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to nobles, then the royal colonies N. & S. Carolina were formed

28
Q

South Carolina

A

Large rice growing plantations

29
Q

North Carolina

A

Sufficient tobacco farms, good harbors

30
Q

Quakers

A

Believed in the equality of all men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service; religious authority is found in each person’s private soul and not in the bible or other outside source; highly persecuted

31
Q

William penn

A

In 1681, King Charles II handed over a large piece of his American land holdings to William Penn to satisfy a debt the king owed to Penn’s father. This land included present-day Pennsylvania and Delaware

32
Q

Holy experiment

A

William penn wanted to test the ideas he developed of Quakers, wanted his colony to achieve

1: provide religious refuge for Quakers and others
2: liberal ideas in government
3: generate income and profits for himself

33
Q

Frame of government (1682-1683)

A

William penn provided for his colony; guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners and a written constitution, the charter of liberties

34
Q

Charter of liberties (1701)

A

Constitution that guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration

35
Q

Georgia

A

Last colony est.
Defense buffer to protect South Carolina from invasion of Spanish
Where prisoners and debtors were sent to relieve overcrowding and to start new life

36
Q

James Oglethorpe

A

Founded Georgia’s first settlement savannah; made strict regulations, ban on drinking and prohibition of slavery

37
Q

Mercantilism

A

Regulate trade and production to be self sufficient; colonies exist to enrich the parent country

38
Q

Enumerated

A

to mention separately as if in counting; name one by one; specify, as in a list: Let me enumerate the many flaws in your hypothesis.

39
Q

Navigation acts (1650-1673)

A

England made regulations and rules on colonial trade

1: trade only using colonial built ships
2: all goods must pass through England’s ports
3: only specified goods could be exported from the colonies

Positives
• New England ship building prospered
• Chesapeake tobacco had a monopoly
• English military forces protected colonies from French and Spanish attacks

Negatives
• colonial manufacturing limited
• Chesapeake farmers received low prices for crops
• colonists had to pay high prices for manufactured goods
• created resentment in colonies

40
Q

Dominion of New England

A

King James II wanted more royal colony control; in 1686 combined colonies into one single unit; fell in glorious revolution

41
Q

Sir Edmund andros

A

Governor of the dominion of New England; unpopular because of levying taxes, limiting town meetings, revoking land titles

42
Q

Glorious revolution 1688

A

Overthrow of king James and uprise of William and Mary

43
Q

Triangular trade

A

American History . a pattern of colonial commerce in which slaves were bought on the African Gold Coast with New England rum and then traded in the West Indies for sugar or molasses, which was brought back to New England to be manufactured into rum

44
Q

Slavery

A

Increase for demand because
• reduced migration
• dependable work force
• cheap labor

45
Q

Middle passage

A

the part of the Atlantic Ocean between the west coast of Africa and the West Indies: the longest part of the journey formerly made by slave ships.

APUSH (2 decks)

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