The Teaching Profession Flashcards
Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, habits, attitudes, interest, skills, abilities, and other human qualities through training, self-activity, and transmitting these vital elements of human civilization to posterity.
Education
What are the three types of education?
Formal, non-formal, and informal
Refers to the hierarchically structured and chronologically graded learning, organized and provided by formal schools and where certification is required in order for the learner to progress through the grades or move on to higher levels.
Formal Education
Refers to any school-based educational activities undertaken by the DECS and other agencies aimed at attaining specific learning objectives for a particular learner.
Non-formal education
added info: TESDA
It is a type of education that can be acquired anytime and anywhere, also known as the education for all seasons.
Informal Education (education at home/workshops)
What are the two theories concerning the exact ORIGIN OF EDUCATION?
Theory of Evolution and Theory of Divine Education
It advocates that God equipped man with intellect and free will.
Theory of Divine Education
Explain the THEORY OF EVOLUTION
The theory of evolution believes that education started when the primitive\man began his quest to find ways and means to feed,
clothe, shelter and protect himself, and compete with other animals
for survival. (Education for conformity, survival of the fittest)
What are the ancient civilizations that have contributed to education? State their contribution.
Jewish - religious education
Chinese - career-oriented education
Egyptian - practical and empirical (math: pi - 3.16; engineering and architecture: pyramids)
Greek - liberal and democratic (rule of the people)
Roman - pragmatic and progressive (practical) - military
They were the wandering scholars who went to Athens to teach Athenian boys by collecting fees from them.
Sophists
Famous sophist who stated that man is the measure of all things.
Protagoras
The _________ flourished in order to counteract the influences of the Sophists.
Greek Thinkers
Who are the greek thinkers who counteracted the influences of the Sophists?
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
He was a Greek Thinker who believed that knowledge is virtue
and all virtuous actions are based on knowledge.
Socrates
In what teaching method was Socrates known?
Socratic-Dialectic Method - asking questions and not give an answer (checking consciousness of other people.
He believed that the social class the person belongs to determines their education.
Plato
What are the social classes according to Plato?
Philosophical Class - Rulers
Warrior Class - Protectors
Artisan Class - Workers
you need to take an exam/training in order to pass those social classes
He believed that virtue is brought by doing not by knowing and advanced the idea that man is a social animal and must use his reason to attain his ultimate end, which is ‘the summumbonum’ or highest/supreme Good.
Aristotle.
What are the teaching methods Jesus Christ used?
Parable, conversational, and proverbial or gnomic methods.
When did Christian Education (catholicism) become part of Rome’s mainstream society?
Christian Education became part of the mainstream society in Rome
when Emperor Constantine proclaimed Christianity as the official religion of the Roman world.
Constantine dreamt of Jesus Christ showing him the cross, and said, “By this sign, you will conquer.”
He placed the cross symbol in their armor, during the BATTLE OF MILVIAN BRIDGE IN 312 against his BROTHER-IN-LAW, Maxentius.
They won the battle, and Constantine declared that Catholicism would be Rome’s official religion.
What are the five different medieval moments in education?
Monasticism, Scholasticism, The Medieval University, Chivalry, and the Guild System.
It is where education was a religious discipline, strict, rigid, and punishment was severe.
Monasticism
Who is the father of monasticism?
St. Anthony
What is the school/agency the monasticism used?
Monasteries
What are the three principles of monasticism? Explain each.
Chastity, poverty, and obedience
Chastity - turning away from family relationships, then adopt poor children
Poverty - selling their own inheritance in order to provide for the poor.
Obedience to God, they punish themselves hardly when they are committing mistakes.
Who is Charlemagne during monasticism?
Charlemagne is a holy roman emperor who supported the Monastic schools and even established court schools to educate his constituents.
What curriculum did the monastic schools use?
7 liberal arts
The trivium:
Grammar - language and literature
Dialectic - reasoning
Rhetoric - law and composition
The quadrivium: astronomy, geometry, arithmetic, and music
It is where education was an INTELLECTUAL DISCIPLINE and its purpose was to bring reason to faith and support theology by using logic.
more: beliefs on God’s existence through the logical method
divine revelation to fill out expand knowledge
Scholasticism
Who is the father of SCHOLASTICISM?
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury
What are the schools used during SCHOLASTICISM?
Parish School - for talented men
Monastic and Cathedral - for the leaders of the church
Palace School (Charlemagne) - for intelligent leaders
He is one of the foremost proponents of the scholastic movement/
St. Thomas of Aquinas
What is “universitas magistrorum et scholarium”?
It is known as a “corporation/association of teachers and students”, chartered by the pope or the kings.
Who chartered the first organized university?
Emperor Frederick I
What is the first organized university, Emperor Frederick I chartered?
The University of Bologna in 1158
The Medieval University was composed of_____________, ____________, ___________, _________, ____________, and __________.
THE MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITY was composed of a Studiumgenerale
(student body), Nation, Councilors, Facultas, Dean, and Rector.
It is where education was used as a SOCIAL DISCIPLINE, where a boy of noble birth has to pass through several stages to be fully accepted as a member of his social class.
CHIVALRY
What are the three stages of social classes during CHIVALRY? Explain.
Page - an attendant to the noble courts at the age of 7.
Squire - an attendant to the knight at the age of 14.
Knight - a full-pledged warrior who has vowed to protect the women, and the poor, defend the church, and the state, attack the wicked and shed blood for the sake of his country and his fellow countrymen.
What is the GUILD system? Explain.
The guild system provided education for the middle class that acquired their fortune from the profits in commercial and industrial endeavors brought by the “crusades”.
Artisan workers arise in the guild system. (a lot of different workers)
Guild means association
(who had common interests, or who engaged in the same work).
Religious and sociable
What is Corpus Christi?
Body of Christ
What is the RENAISSANCE PERIOD IN EDUCATION? Explain.
RENAISSANCE is considered the revival of ancient learning that brought
by the discovery of the “New World” by Christopher Columbus, the
fascinating stories of Marco Polo about the wealth and technology
of the East, the invention of the printing press, and other events.
What is HUMANISM?
It is a philosophy that believes that education aims to
liberate man from the oppressive and demanding medieval
institutions like the church and the state to enable him to fully
develop his potential.
Explain Italian or Individual Humanism
It stressed that individual freedom is a prerequisite to the achievement of a rich and fulfilled life.
Explain Northern or Social Humanism.
Northern or Social Humanism advocated that education is an avenue
for societal regeneration.
It highlighted the protests of the people who were dissatisfied by the policies of the Roman Catholic Church caused by the massive corruption and indulgences of the church.
REFORMATION
Who is Martin Luther?
Martin Luther was considered as the father of Reformation, wrote the
95 theses that denounce the Catholic Church and posted it in
the doorpost of his Cathedral on October 31, 1517.
It was the response of the Roman Catholic Church to the protests of the “Reformers” led by Rev. Martin Luther.
Catholic Counter-Reformation
It was an educational philosophy that advocates that education
should be concerned with the actualities of life and prepare for its
concrete duties.
REALISM (realistic not logical)
Who were the PROPONENTS OF REALISTIC EDUCATION?
The proponents of REALISTIC EDUCATION were John Milton, Francois
Rubelais, Michael de Montaigne, John Amos Comenius, Francis
Bacon, Richard Mulcaster, and WolgangRatke.
He believed that boys should study formal grammar and that formal education must be emphasized.
John Milton
He suggested that education should be made attractive and pleasant rather than compulsive.
Francois Rubelais
He emphasized the use of field trips/educational tours in the teaching-learning process and introduced the concept of finishing schools.
Michael Montagne
He wrote “OrbisPictusSensualism” or the World of Sensible Things Pictured, which is considered as the first textbook on using of visual aids in classroom teaching.
John Amos Comenius
suggested the used of inductive method of teaching and believed that all scientific progress must be based on nature.
Francis Bacon
inductive - set of facts
He suggested the use of the inductive method of teaching and believed that all scientific progress must be based on nature.
Francis Bacon
Inductive - use of facts to form a principle.
He argued that education should be in accordance with the nature of the child and its aim is to secure the expression and development of childish tendencies and not to suppress them.
Richard Mulcaster
He advocated that everything should constantly be repeated to ensure mastery.
WolgangRatke
It is a philosophy, which believes that education is based on discipline.
Disciplinism
He is an advocate of Disciplinism and believed that WHEN A CHILD IS BORN HIS MIND CAN BE COMPARED TO A “TABULA RASA” or a blank tablet/sheet and experiences will be the ones to write on that tablet/sheet.
John Locke
It is an educational philosophy, which adheres to the belief that education should be in accordance with the nature of the child. (natural development).
Naturalism
He believed that man at birth is naturally good, and SOCIETAL INFLUENCES MAKE MAN evil, and that the stronger the body, the more it obeys, the weaker the body, the more it commands.
Jean Jacques Rosseau
What is the PSYCHOLOGICAL MOVEMENT in Education?
The Psychological Movement in Education calls for the application
of basic psychological principles like individual differences, transfer
of learning and other to the educative process.
Among the educators who belong to the PSYCHOLOGICAL
MOVEMENT were _________, __________, __________, and ____________.
Among the educators who belong to the PSYCHOLOGICAL
MOVEMENT were Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi, Johan Friedrich Herbart,
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel and Maria Montessori.
He advocated that learning is through observation and education is basically a “contact of souls” and the teacher must feel respect and sympathy for the children he teaches.
Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi
What is the Herbatian Method of Teaching?
it is composed of Preparation, Presentation, Association, Generalization, and Application.
Who advocated the Herbatian Method of teaching?
Johan Friedrich Herbart
Founder of Pedagogy as an academic discipline
Johan Friedrich Herbart
He established a child-centered school in 1840, which came to be known as “Kindergarten”.
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel
