THE TEACHING PROFESSIOM Flashcards
Reality exists independent of human mind; reality is not in the mind, but in the external world; Ultimate reality is the world of physical objects; concerned with what is real and actual; “Fulfill” and “pursue” dreams
REALISM
Ideas are the only true reality; What exists is in the mind only; Existence of ideas independent from material world; Ideas are innate; Values; Perfect being (God) and spirits; “Dream” and “want”
IDEALISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF IDEALISM
PLATO
PROPONENT/FATHER OF REALISM
ARISTOTLE
- Legitimate knowledge arises from what is provided to the mind by
the senses. - Experience through the use of senses is the source of knowledge
- Sources of knowledge are sense-based experience and data.
- “To see is to believe”
EMPIRICISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF EMPIRICISM
JOHN LOCKE
- Reality is subjective. It lies within an individual
- Individual choice and standards are central; responsibility
- Man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his destiny
- “Choose” and “decide”
- “Existence precedes essence
EXISTENTIALISM
FATHERS/PROPONENTS OF EXISTENTIALISM
Soreen Kierkegard and Jean Paul Sartre
- Going back to basics
- Focus on 3Rs (reading, writing, and arithmetic)
- Subject Matter = center of educational process
- Teacher is the authority
- “Existence precedes essence”
ESSENTIALISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF ESSENTIALISM
William Bagley
- There is FOREVER
- The GREAT BOOKS; focus on Humanities
- Reading Shakespeare, Homer, Chaucer, etc.
- Literature, languages, math, and history
PERENNIALISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF PERENNIALISM
Robert Hutchins
- Common Good
- General welfare
- Vocational courses
- Professional education
- No to humanities
UTILITARIANISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF UTILITARIANISM
Herbert Spencer
- The meaning of an idea can be determined by the consequence of
its tests (hypothesis testing) : if it works in practice, it is true or good.
discard if not useful - Believes in change as the essence of reality
- Experimental method
- Practicality and application (what works in practice)
PRAGMATISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF PRAGMATISM
Charles Sanders Pierce
- From pragmatic philosophy
- Education should focus on the whole child
- Learner = problem solver who makes meaning through
experience - Learning by doing
- Strike while the iron is hot
PROGRESSIVISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF PROGRESSIVISM
John Dewey
- Flexible curriculum
- Education is a continuous process
- Lifelong learning
- ACTIVE STUDENT
- Child makes his own learning through experience
PROGRESSIVISM
- Response to stimuli.
- S-R theory. REWARDS, REINFORCEMENT, PUNISHMENT
- Modifying or changing student behaviors through the
arrangements of conditions of learning - Learning is shaped by environment
BEHAVIORISM
- Students = involved in the problems, whether political, social, or
economical that confront the society and be able to arrive at
solutions to reconstruct society. - “Reconstruct society to meet the cultural crisis of times” = purpose of
education - Education = NOT PRIVILEGE OF THE FEW, but a RIGHT to be enjoyed
by ALL
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM
- Rational mind.
- Reason
- Mental powers
- New knowledge is derived from prior truths
- Virtue and Happiness = obtained through God
RATIONALISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF RATIONALISM
Rene Descartes
- Pleasure is the only good thing
- GO FOR PLEASURE even when it’s good or bad
HEDONISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF HEDONISM
Aristippus
- A form of ancient hedonism
- Pleasure in moderation
- We should seek pleasure, but we should not over indulge in
it.
EPICUREANISM
FATHER/PROPONENT OF EPICUREANISM
Epicurus
- Patiently accept and patiently
endure adversities (without
complaining).
STOICISM
