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12 Theology: Jesus > The teacher of wisdom view: Hick, Bultmann & demythologisation > Flashcards

The teacher of wisdom view: Hick, Bultmann & demythologisation Flashcards

1
Q

Q: What did John Hick claim about Jesus’ identity?

A

A: John Hick claimed that Jesus was not the son of God in a unique sense but was only a human ‘guru’ and moral ‘role model’.

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2
Q

Q: Whose approach influenced John Hick’s views on the Bible

A

A: Hick was influenced by Bultmann’s approach to the Bible called demythologisation.

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3
Q

Q: What issue did Bultmann identify with the Bible for modern audiences?

A

A: Bultmann thought that the Bible had become difficult for modern audiences to accept because of how scientifically and historically minded people have become since the enlightenment period.

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4
Q

Q: Why did Bultmann believe the Bible is difficult for modern audiences to accept?

A

A: Because the Bible contains supernatural occurrences, or ‘myths’, such as the miracles of Jesus and his resurrection.

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5
Q

Q: What is the literalist approach to the Bible according to Bultmann?

A

A: The literalist approach is to believe the myths literally by denying the modern advances in knowledge that contradict them.

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6
Q

Q: Why did Bultmann reject the literalist approach?

A

A: Bultmann rejected this sort of blind faith as spiritually empty.

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7
Q

Q: What is the liberal approach to the Bible that Bultmann critiqued?

A

A: The liberal approach ignores the myths and focuses only on the moral teachings found in the Bible.

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8
Q

Q: Why did Bultmann reject the liberal approach?

A

A: Bultmann rejected this approach because it reduces Christianity to a mere moral philosophy, rather than an encounter with a way of life.

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9
Q

Q: What alternative approach did Bultmann propose for understanding myths in the Bible?

A

A: Bultmann proposed taking myths as a record of human spiritual experience put into words fitting ancient culture.

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10
Q

Q: What is demythologising according to Bultmann?

A

A: Demythologising is the process of translating myths into language fitting modern culture, revealing deeper truths about the early Christian spiritual experience.

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11
Q

Q: What is the goal of demythologising the Bible?

A

A: To reveal the deeper truths about the encounter in early Christianity with a new spiritual way of life and confront modern audiences with a call to a spiritual life committed to Christ.

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12
Q

Q: How did Bultmann interpret the resurrection and Easter when demythologised?

A

A: The resurrection and Easter are about the raising of faith in the disciples which inspired them to preach, not about the literal rising of Jesus.

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13
Q

Q: According to Bultmann, what does successful preaching and spreading the message of Jesus cause?

A

A: It causes resurrection to take place within individual people.

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14
Q

Q: How did Hick view the Bible’s myths following Bultmann’s approach?

A

A: Hick thought that the Bible contains ‘true myths’ meaning ‘not literally true’ but inspiring us spiritually and morally.

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15
Q

Q: What did Hick conclude about the resurrection story?

A

A: The resurrection story should be demythologized and viewed as symbolising ‘God’s gift of renewal’ and ‘life transcending death’.

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16
Q

Q: According to Hick, what should not be viewed as historical record

A

A: The resurrection story should not be viewed as historical record.

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17
Q

Q: What does demythologisation aim to achieve for modern audiences?

A

A: It aims to provide a confrontation with the call to a spiritual life committed to Christ.

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18
Q

Q: What did Bultmann believe about the spiritual experience recorded in myths?

A

A: He believed it had been put into words fitting ancient culture but contained deeper spiritual truths.

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19
Q

Q: How does Hick’s view differ from the traditional view of Jesus’ resurrection?

A

A: Hick views the resurrection as symbolic of renewal and life transcending death, not as a literal historical event.

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20
Q

Q: What does Bultmann’s demythologisation reveal about early Christianity?

A

A: It reveals the early message of Christianity which first spread the faith through spiritual experiences rather than literal events.

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21
Q

Q: Why did Bultmann think the literalist approach was spiritually empty?

A

A: Because it relied on blind faith that denied modern advances in knowledge.

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22
Q

Q: What is the main criticism Bultmann had of the liberal approach to the Bible?

A

A: It reduces Christianity to mere moral philosophy, ignoring its deeper spiritual calls.

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23
Q

Q: What aspect of Christianity did Bultmann and Hick focus on through demythologisation?

A

A: They focused on the spiritual and moral inspiration derived from the Bible’s myths.

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24
Q

Q: What does demythologisation suggest about the nature of the Bible’s supernatural occurrences?

A

A: That they are symbolic records of spiritual experiences rather than literal events.

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25
Q

Q: How did Bultmann suggest modern audiences should interpret the Bible’s myths?

A

A: As records of ancient spiritual experiences that convey deeper truths when translated into modern cultural language.

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26
Q

Q: What is Jesus’ sacrifice of his own life to save us from our sins called?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: The Atonement.

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27
Q

Q: Why is Jesus’ atonement significant according to Christian belief?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: It is significant because only a divine being could sacrifice his life to save humanity from sins.

28
Q

Q: What would the death of a mere human lack in the context of atonement?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: It would lack the significance and power to save us from our sins.

29
Q

Q: What do Christians believe about Christ’s defeat of death?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: It was an offer of eternal life to all who have faith in him.

30
Q

Q: How does the resurrection story relate to Jesus’ purpose?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: The resurrection story must be true to make sense of Jesus’ role in saving humanity from sins.

31
Q

Q: What is a prevalent biblical theme regarding Jesus’ life?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: The theme of Jesus saving humanity from sins through his sacrifice and resurrection.

32
Q

Q: What does the concept of atonement imply about Jesus’ nature?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: It implies that Jesus was divine, as only a divine being could perform such a sacrifice.

33
Q

Q: How do Christians view the power of Jesus’ death?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: They view it as having the power to save humanity from sins.

34
Q

Q: What does the resurrection signify for believers?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: It signifies the offer of eternal life for those who have faith in Jesus.

35
Q

Q: Why is the resurrection important in the context of Jesus’ divinity?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: It supports the belief that Jesus was divine, as his resurrection demonstrated power over death.

36
Q

Q: What theme is reinforced by Jesus’ resurrection according to Christian doctrine

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: The theme of salvation and eternal life for believers.

37
Q

Q: What would be the implication if the resurrection story were not true?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: It would undermine the purpose of Jesus’ life and his role in atonement.

38
Q

Q: How does the resurrection affirm Jesus’ divine authority?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: It shows that he has power over death, a divine attribute.

39
Q

Q: What role does faith play in the concept of Jesus’ resurrection and salvation?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: Faith in Jesus is seen as essential for receiving the offer of eternal life.

40
Q

Q: What is the ultimate purpose of Jesus’ life according to Christian belief?

Jesus’ role in our salvation shows he was divine.

A

A: To save humanity from their sins through his sacrifice and resurrection.

41
Q

Q: What is the core idea of Hick’s moral exemplar theory of atonement?

The moral exemplar theory

A

A: It posits that Jesus’ death serves as a powerful moral example inspiring us to improve our behavior, rather than having a literal supernatural effect on our sinful state.

42
Q

Q: According to Hick, does Jesus need to be divine to save us from our sins?

The moral exemplar theory

A

A: No, Hick argues that Jesus was a human whose moral example inspires us to lead better lives, thus saving us from our sins in a moral sense.

43
Q

Q: How does Hick’s theory reinterpret the traditional view of Jesus’ sacrifice?

The moral exemplar theory

A

A: Hick’s theory views Jesus’ sacrifice as symbolic and inspirational rather than a direct divine intervention.

44
Q

Q: What impact does Hick’s moral exemplar theory have on the necessity of the Trinity for salvation?

The moral exemplar theory

A

A: It undercuts the importance of the Trinity by suggesting that Jesus’ moral example, not his divinity, is what saves us.

45
Q

Q: How does Hick’s approach reflect Enlightenment thinking in relation to Christianity?

The moral exemplar theory

A

A: It aligns with rational and moral perspectives, emphasizing ethical living inspired by Jesus’ example over supernatural claims and traditional doctrines.

46
Q

Q: What does N.T. Wright claim about the historical value of the Gospels?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright claims that the Gospels can actually tell us something about historical events, not just the gospel writers’ feelings.

47
Q

Q: How does Wright critique Bultmann’s reduction of the Gospels’ meaning?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright argues Bultmann goes too far by reducing the Gospels to mere expressions of the writers’ deeper truths and feelings.

48
Q

Q: What balance does Wright acknowledge in interpreting the Gospels?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright acknowledges that while the Gospels do reflect the writers’ perspectives, they also convey information about historical events.

49
Q

Q: What is Wright’s stance on reading historical texts like the Gospels?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright believes in critical realism, meaning we should critically evaluate texts while acknowledging they convey real historical events.

50
Q

Q: Define “critical realism” according to Wright.

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Critical realism is the theory that we perceive and understand the real world through our own evaluative perspectives.

51
Q

Q: What does “realism” refer to in the theory of critical realism?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: “Realism” refers to the idea that there is a real world that we can perceive and understand.

52
Q

Q: What does “critical” refer to in the theory of critical realism?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: “Critical” refers to the idea that we understand the world from our own evaluative perspective.

53
Q

Q: How does Wright view the personal expression in ancient texts?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright accepts that ancient texts involve personal expression and spiritual experience but insists they also reflect historical reality.

54
Q

Q: According to Wright, what does taking a critical view of the text justify?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Taking a critical view justifies examining the personal perspectives of authors but does not justify dismissing the historical content.

55
Q

Q: What does Wright think about abandoning realism in interpreting texts?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright argues against abandoning realism by reducing texts entirely to personal perspective or experience.

56
Q

Q: What example does Wright give to illustrate his point about realism?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright explains that while writers reveal themselves in their texts, it doesn’t mean they aren’t telling about actual historical events.

57
Q

Q: How does Wright describe the process of reading historical texts?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: He describes it as critical realism, where we critically evaluate while recognizing the reality they describe.

58
Q

Q: What does Wright say about the biases of authors?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright acknowledges authors have their own worldview and biases but insists their texts also contain real historical information.

59
Q

Q: What is Wright’s overall argument against Bultmann’s demythologisation?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright argues that Bultmann overemphasizes the personal perspective at the expense of recognizing the historical reality conveyed in texts.

60
Q

Q: How does Wright suggest we approach ancient texts?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright suggests we approach them with critical realism, balancing personal expression with historical content.

61
Q

Q: What does Wright believe about the Gospel writers’ intentions?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright believes Gospel writers intended to convey historical events, not just their own feelings.

62
Q

Q: How does Wright view the relationship between spiritual experience and historical facts in texts?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright views them as interconnected, where texts can express spiritual experiences and also convey historical facts.

63
Q

Q: According to Wright, what is the importance of recognizing a real world in critical realism?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Recognizing a real world ensures we don’t dismiss historical content by focusing solely on personal perspectives.

64
Q

Q: How does Wright’s critical realism affect the interpretation of the Gospels?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: It affects interpretation by advocating for a balanced view that respects both the historical facts and the personal perspectives in the Gospels.

65
Q

Q: Why does Wright emphasize the need for critical realism?

N. T. Wright’s criticism of Bultmann.

A

A: Wright emphasizes it to ensure we acknowledge the historical truths in texts while critically understanding the authors’ perspectives.

12 Theology: Jesus (14 decks)

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