The TCP/IP Network Model Flashcards
protocol
a defined set of standards that computers must follow in order to communicate properly.
computer networking
the full scope of how computers communicate with each other
what are the 5 layers of the TCP/IP model?
the physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers.
what are the specifications of the physical layer for?
networking cables
the connectors that join devices together
how signals sent over these
what is the data link layer responsible for?
defining a common way of interpreting signals so network devices can communicate
abstracts away the need for any other layers to care about the physical layer and what hardware is in use.
what is the network layer responsible for?
getting data delivered across a collection of networks via routers
what is the most common protocol used at the network layer?
IP (Internet Protocol)
what is the transport layer responsible for?
sorting out which client and server programs are supposed to get data transmitted.
what are the 2 main protocols used at the transport layer?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Use Datagram Protocol (UDP)
what are TCP and UDP responsible for?
ensuring data that the network layer delivers gets to the right applications the node is running.
TCP ensure reliable delivery.
UDP doesn’t.
what is the most common protocol at the data link layer?
Ethernet
what does the physical layer consist of?
the devices and means of transmitting bits across computer networks
which protocols does the application layer contain?
Application specific protocols.
crosstalk
when an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected on another
what are the most common forms of copper twisted pair cables?
Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6
collision domain
a network segment where only 1 device can communicate at a time
what does a switch do?
inspects the contents of Ethernet protocol data being sent around network, determines which system the data is intended for, and then only sends that data to that one system.
Border Gateway Protocol (BDP)
allows routers to share data with each other in order to learn the most optimal paths to forward traffic.
what does a router do?
inspects IP data
forwards between independent networks
stores internal tables containing info about how to route traffic
server
provides data that’s being requested
client
requests and receives data
modulation
a way of varying the voltage moving across cables
line coding
modulation used for computer networks
duplex communication
info flows in both directions across cable
full duplex
devices on either side of a networking link can both communicate with each other at the same time
half-duplex
communication is possible in each direction but only 1 device can communicate at a time
what is the most common network plug?
(RJ) registered jack 45
CSMA/CD
carrier sense multiple access with collision detection.
used to determine when the communications channels are clear and when a device is free to transmit data
MAC address
media access control. 48 bit (6 byte) number represented by 6 groupings of 2 hexadecimal numbers.
octet
any number that can represented by 8 bits
OUI
organizationally unique identity.
the first 3 octets of a MAC address
IEEE
institute of electrical and electronics engineers.
assign OUIs
unicast
only received and processed by one intended destination
what type of Ethernet transmission has the least significant bit of the first octet of the destination address set to 0?
unicast
what type of Ethernet transmission has the least significant bit of the first octet of the destination address set to 1?
mulitcast
multicast
accepted or discarded by each device depending on criteria aside from MAC.
network interfaces can be configured to accept lists of configured multicast addresses.
broadcast
sent to every single device on a LAN so devices can learn about each other.
data packet
any set of binary data being sent across a network link
Ethernet frames
data packets at the Ethernet level
