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Science Quiz Bee > The Systems > Flashcards

The Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is the tube that psses through the penis through the outside of the body which carries sperm and urine

A

urethra

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2
Q

is a soft, tubular organ that hangs front of the body and is the external sexual organ or the male

A

penis

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3
Q

it is where the penis becomes larger and stiffer due to increase flow of blood during _____________

A

ejaculation

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4
Q

made up of coiled tubules in which the sperm are produced

A

testes

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5
Q

is a coiled J-shaped tube located on the back of each testicle

A

epididymis

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6
Q

is the tube that receives sperm from the epididymis of each testicle

A

vas deferens

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7
Q

is a pouch of skin that hangs from the penis which houses the testes

A

scrotum

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8
Q

a tube that is about 18 inches long that loops over the urinary bladder

A

vas deferens

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9
Q

a common tube wherein urine and sperm passes

A

urethra

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10
Q

a pair of _____________ are the base of the urinary bladder that secrete a thick fluid that nourishes the sperm

A

seminal vesicles

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11
Q

tubes that are lined with muscles, these muscles contract to force the semen out of the body during ejaculation

A

ejaculatory ducts

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12
Q

small and almond-shaped organs located inside the female

A

ovary

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13
Q

the ovaries produce and release one ripened egg every ____ days

A

28

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14
Q

the process where ovaries release one ripened egg

A

ovulation

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15
Q

two tubes that extend from each ovary into the uterus

A

fallopian tubes

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16
Q

their main function is to house the egg until fertilization

A

fallopian tubes

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17
Q

is a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ located between the two ovaries

A

uterus

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18
Q

it is where the fertilized egg will develop

A

uterus

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19
Q

a narrow structure within an inch-long canal connecting the lower end of the uterus to the upper portion of the vagina

A

cervix

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20
Q

is the hollow tube leading from the cervix to the outside of the body

A

vagina or birth canal

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21
Q

is the hairy skin-covered pad of fat over the pubic bone

A

mons veneris

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22
Q

the small lips covered with modified skin

A

labia minora

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23
Q

large lips covered with pubic hair

A

labia majora

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24
Q

the small almond-shaped erectile tissue located between the junction of two minora

A

clitoris

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25
Q

these are regulating and complex chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands that are carried through the bloodstream to the target organ in many areas of the body

A

hormones

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26
Q

who controls the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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27
Q

what hormones does the pituitary gland secrete

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

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28
Q

the reproductive glands are controlled by the _________________

A

pituitary gland

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29
Q

is a stage when a child’s body starts to develop and change as he/she becomes an adult

A

puberty

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30
Q

what are male hormones

A

testosterone

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31
Q

what are female hormones

A

estrogen and progesterone

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32
Q

it regulates the development of the male sex organs while still an embryo

A

testosterone

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33
Q

hormone that controls sex drive and regulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics at puberty

A

estrogen

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34
Q

mucus membrane lining the womb

A

endometrium

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35
Q

it controls the development of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and the maintenance of the uterus during pregnancy

A

progesterone

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36
Q

stimulates milk production in the mammary glands

A

prolactin

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37
Q

in females, it stimulates ovulation, maturity of eggs, and progesterone production while in males it stimulates sperm and testosterone production

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

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38
Q

in females, it stimulates the maturation of egg cells in the ovary and estrogen production while in males it stimulates sperm production

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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39
Q

is the monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus

A

menstruation

40
Q

lining of the uterus

A

endometrium

41
Q

severe pain during menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

42
Q

abnormal absence of menstruation

A

amenorrhea

43
Q

abnormal and infrequent mentrual period

A

oligomenorrhea

44
Q

is the formation of the gamete (sperm and egg)

A

gametogenesis

45
Q

stage where the sperm penetrate an egg

A

fertilization

46
Q

when the fertilized egg undergoes series of mitotic cell divisions and later becomes the early embryo

A

cleavage and blastulation

47
Q

stage to organize cell migration patterns in the embryo to form the three germ layers

A

gastrulation

48
Q

process of cell differentiation and formation of all major organs

A

organogenesis

49
Q

last stage where the organs acquire their unique structure and chemical properties

A

growth and tissue specialization

50
Q

cleavages have transformed into a solid group of cells called _______________ and later on will develop into a _____________

A

morula and blastocyst

51
Q

there is an inner cell mass of the blastocysts having a surface cell layer called the _________________

A

trophoblast

52
Q

the process of the attachment of the blastocyst is called

A

implantation

53
Q

secretion of ____________________ from trophoblast helps to maintain the corpus luteum to grow and to secrete estrogens and progesteerone

A

chorionic gonadotropin

54
Q

is the initial development stage in humans after fertilization

A

embryo

55
Q

the bond that holds the embryo to the wall of the uterus

A

placenta

56
Q

after when does the umbilical cord form

A

25 days after fertilization

57
Q

a cord forms between the embryo and the sac (called placenta), this cord is called ___________________

A

umbilical cord

58
Q

the developing embryo is enclosed in a sac of a thin tissue called _________-

A

amniotic sac

59
Q

this fluid serves as a shock absorber and helps the embryo to maintain its temperature

A

amniotic sac

60
Q

is made up of a group of organs called the endocrine glands

A

endocrine system

61
Q

connected to the pituitary gland by blood vessels

A

hypothalamus

62
Q

it regulates body temperature, blood pressure, and the use of water

A

hypothalamus

63
Q

small gland located at the base of the brain

A

hypothalamus

64
Q

released from the hypothalamus to control muscle contractions of the uterus and milk production

A

oxytocin

65
Q

it stimulates the adrenal gland

A

pituitary gland

66
Q

it stimulates the thyroid gland

A

pituitary gland

67
Q

it regulates the growth of the skeletal system

A

pituitary gland

68
Q

it stimulates milk production in the mammary glands

A

pituitary gland

69
Q

it triggers the fight or flight response

A

adrenal

70
Q

found just above the kidney

A

adrenal

71
Q

hormone that is released into the bloodstream when a person is in dangerous or stressful situations

A

adrenaline

72
Q

located in the front of the neck and below the voice box

A

thyroid

73
Q

this gland secretes thyroxine which contains iodine and calcitonin which controls calcium levels in the bloodstream

A

thyroid

74
Q

it regulates the rate of metabolism

A

thyroid

75
Q

four tiny glands connected to the back of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid

76
Q

regulates the minerals in the body, calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream

A

parathyroid hormone

77
Q

located below the stomach

A

pancreas

78
Q

controls the level of sugar in the blood

A

insulin

79
Q

can occur if there is low sugar in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

80
Q

located in the upper chest behind the breastbone

A

thymus

81
Q

it plays an important role in developing some of the body’s defenses against infection

A

thymus

82
Q

gland that play an important role in reproduction

A

reproductive glands: testes and ovaries

83
Q

is responsible for the regulation and maintenance of the internal environment of the body

A

homeostasis

84
Q

it regulates body temperature, fluids, salts, acids, gases, and nutrients

A

homeostasis

85
Q

are receptors responsible for gathering information about the conditions inside and outside of the body

A

sensors

86
Q

control center of the body

A

brain

87
Q

communicating system of the body

A

nervous and endocrine system

88
Q

is any organ, or cell that is responsible for the changes in the activity of the body in response to the message received

A

target

89
Q

are branched cell components that receive stimulus from other neurons or sensory receptors

A

dendrites

90
Q

it transmits stimulus to a gland, muscle, organ, or another neuron

A

axon

91
Q

contains a nucleus that will process the stimulus

A

cell body

92
Q

many functions of the body and processes operate using _____________

A

feedback systems

93
Q

is a control system to reduce or minimize any changes or conditions of the body, which keeps the whole body system stable

A

negative feedback

94
Q

the one responsible for the response to changes

A

effector

95
Q

receptors that are found inside the cell

A

intracellular receptors

96
Q

receptors that are located in the plasma membrane

A

cell surface receptor

97
Q

is a control system that uses information from sensors to increase the rate of processes

A

positive feedback

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