The Study, CH 1

Question 1

Study of the structural basis of body function

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Study of the functional relevance of human structure

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Structures that are visible to the naked eye; study using surface observation or dissection

Answer 3

Gross anatomy

Question 4

Tissue specimens are thinly sliced and stained, observed under a microscope

Answer 4

Histology

Question 5

Microscopic examination of tissues for disease

Answer 5

Histopathology

Question 6

External structure of the body; important in conducting physical exam

Answer 6

Surface anatomy

Question 7

Study of one organ system at a time

Answer 7

Systemic anatomy

Question 8

Study of multiple organ systems at the same time in a specific region of body

Answer 8

Regional anatomy

Question 9

Functional reasons behind organ structure

Answer 9

Functional morphology

Question 10

Comparison of more than one species

Answer 10

Comparative anatomy

Question 11

Simplest method of examining the body

Answer 11

Inspection

Question 12

Cutting and separation of tissue to reveal relationships

Answer 12

Dissection

Question 13

Feeling structures with fingertips; palpating swollen lymph node or taking a pulse

Answer 13

Palpation

Question 14

Listening to sounds made by the body; example heart and lung sounds

Answer 14

Auscultation

Question 15

Tapping on the body, listening for signs of abnormalities; example pockets of fluid or air

Answer 15

Percussion

Question 16

Allows viewing inside the body without surgery

Answer 16

Medical imaging

Question 17

Form of high-energy radiation

Answer 17

Radiography

Question 18

Emits low-intensity x-rays; produces image of a “slice” of body; image much sharper than conventional x-ray; identifying tumors, aneurysms, cerebral hemorrhages, kidney stones

Answer 18

Computed Tomography (CT Scan)

Question 19

Better visualizing soft tissues; tissue responds to radio waves

Answer 19

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 20

Visualizes moment-to-moment changes in physiology

Answer 20

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Question 21

An injection of radioactively labeled glucose; highlights the most active areas of body; example show extent of damage in heart, diagnose cancer, example of nuclear medicine

Answer 21

Positron emission tomography (PET Scan)

Question 22

Receives signals reflected back from internal organs; avoids harmful effects of x-ray; inexpensive and portable; does not produce very sharp image

Answer 22

Sonography

Question 23

Sonographic exam of beating heart

Answer 23

Echocardiography

Question 24

How different species have solved problems; example water balance, respiration, and reproduction; basis for development of most new medications and procedures

Answer 24

Comparative physiology

Question 25

Expend energy to maintain order; disease and death result from breakdown in order

Answer 25

Organization

Question 26

Living things are compartmentalized into cells

Answer 26

Cells

Question 27

Sum of all internal chemical change in organism; Living things take in molecules from environment and chemically change them; constant turnover of molecules in body

Answer 27

Metabolism

Question 28

Change in form or function over the lifetime of organism

Answer 28

Development

Question 29

Cells and tissues with no specialized function transform into cells committed to a particular task

Answer 29

Differentiation

Question 30

an increase in size

Answer 30

Growth

Question 31

Ability of organisms to sense and react to stimuli; occurs at all levels, from cell to entire body

Answer 31

Excitability

Question 32

Internal stability despite a changing external environment; example stable temperature, blood pressure, body weight

Answer 32

Homeostasis

Question 33

Organisms are able to produce copies of themselves; pass their genes to offspring

Answer 33

Reproduction

Question 34

Genetic change in the population over time, seen only in population as a whole not in individuals

Answer 34

Evolution

Question 35

Internal stability; example body temperature, blood pressure, body weight, electrolyte balance and pH balance

Answer 35

Homeostasis

Question 36

Study of unstable conditions that result when homeostatic controls go awry

Answer 36

Pathophysiology

Question 37

Mechanism that maintains homeostasis; change sensed by body activates mechanisms that reverse it; does not produce absolute constancy; maintains physiological values within narrow range; values fluctuate slightly around set point; example blood pressure regulation

Answer 37

Negative feedback

Question 38

Structure that senses change in body; example temperature in skin

Answer 38

Receptor

Question 39

Processes information, makes response decision; example cardiac center in brain

Answer 39

Integrating (control) center

Question 40

Structures that carry out response to restore homeostasis; example the heart

Answer 40

Effectors

Question 41

Self-amplifying cycle where change in the body leads to a greater change in same direction, sometimes is a normal way of producing rapid change; example childbirth; more often is a harmful process, can bring values away from normal set point; example very high fever

Answer 41

Positive feedback

Question 41

Single, complete individual

Answer 41

Organism

Question 42

Group of organs that carry out basic function

Answer 42

Organ system

Question 43

Composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out particular function; example heart kidneys, skin, muscles, bones

Answer 43

Organ

Question 44

Group of similar cells and cell products that perform a specific function

Answer 44

Tissue

Question 45

Smallest units that carry out the functions of life; contains nucleus and other organelles

Answer 45

Cells

Question 46

Microscopic structures that carry out cell's individual functions; composed of molecules, which are made of atoms

Answer 46

Organelles

Question 47

Passes through the midline of the body, diving it into equal right and left halves

Answer 47

Median (Midsagittal) plane

Question 48

Dives the body into unequal right and left portions

Answer 48

Parasagittal plane

Question 49

Extends vertically, perpendicular to sagittal plane; dives body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

Answer 49

Frontal (coronal) plane

Question 50

Perpendicular to body's long axis; divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

Answer 50

Transverse (Horizontal) plane

Question 51

Everything but the limbs; consists of head, neck, and trunk

Answer 51

Axial region

Question 52

above diaphragm

Answer 52

Thoracic region