The Stuarts

Question 1

Who succeeded Elizabeth I?

Answer 1

James I (James VI of Scotland)

Question 2

What was the name of the parliamentary army in the English Civil War.

Answer 2

The New Model Army.

Question 3

Who did Charles I marry?
A) an English Protestant
B) a French Catholic

Answer 3

B) a French Catholic

Question 4

What was the names of Charles I’s queen?

Answer 4

Henrietta Maria

Question 5

What was Ship Money?

Answer 5

A form of emergency taxation. It was meant to be paid by coastal towns, in wartime, to raise money, to build ships. Charles I charged inland areas too, and raised the tax several times, despite there being no threat of invasion. It was a way of raising money for the Crown, without needing Parliament to give their agreement.

Question 6

When and where did the Civil War begin?

Answer 6

1642. In Nottingham. When Charles I raised his standard to declare war on Parliament.

Question 7

Who said ‘I see the birds are flown’ and why?

Answer 7

Charles I in Jan 1642, when he forced his way into the House of Commons to try and arrest 5 leading MPs, including John Pym. The MPs had been warned and had already left the Commons. Consequently, Charles had to leave empty-handed.

Question 8

What was the nickname given to the Parliamentary Army?

Answer 8

Roundheads - because of the shape of their helmets.

Question 9

What were Royalist soldiers known as?

Answer 9

Cavaliers

Question 10

What kinds of people, generally, supported the King in the Civil War?

Answer 10

Anglicans, Landowners, Lords

Question 11

What kinds of people, generally, supported Parliament, in the Civil War?

Answer 11

MPs, Merchants, Puritans, Londoners

Question 12

Who was William Laud and what happened to him in 1640?

Answer 12

He was Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I. He was hated by Puritans because of his changes to the Church of England and his harsh punishments for people who criticised him (he had some puritans’ ears cut off, for publishing pamphlets against the Church of England). In 1640, he was imprisioned, because Charles was trying to work with Parliament.

Question 13

Who rebelled in 1641?

Answer 13

Irish Catholics

Question 14

How did Charles I anger the Scots in 1637?

Answer 14

By trying to force a new, Anglican prayer-book on the Scottish Presbyterians (strict Protestants).

Question 15

What was the ‘Divine Right of Kings’?

Answer 15

James I’s and Charles I’s belief that they had been made/chosen to be king by God and consequently, no human being could tell them how to behave, rule or limit their powers. This belief led Charles into conflict with Parliament.

Question 16

Which king of Scotland, also became King of England, in 1603?

Answer 16

James VI of Scotland. He became James I of England.

Question 17

Which Civil War battle was a turning-point for the fortunes of Parliament?

Answer 17

Battle of Marston Moor, July 1644. It was the first definitive victory for the New Model Army.

Question 18

Who was Prince Rupert?

Answer 18

Charles I’s nephew and one of his leading Civil War commanders. He was brave, but rash. No match for the New Model Army.

Question 19

What advantages did the New Model Army have over the Royalists?

Answer 19

They were led by skilled generals like Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax. They were well-fed, well-equipped, well-paid and well-trained. Many were disciplined Puritans who believed they were fighting for a just and right cause.

Question 20

What did Charles I do when he was taken prisoner by Parliament in 1646?

Answer 20

Secretly plotted with the Scots to restart the Civil War.

Question 21

When was the Battle of Preston and who won it?

Answer 21

1648 and Parliament won.

Question 22

When and where was Charles I executed?

Answer 22

30 January, 1649, on a scaffold outside Whitehall, in London.

Question 23

Why did Charles wear two shirts on the say of his execution?

Answer 23

To avoid shivering from the cold, in case people thought he was scared.

Question 24

Who was the leading judge at the trial of Charles I?

Answer 24

John Bradshaw.

Question 25

What was Charles I accused of at his trial in 1649?

Answer 25

Treason and for starting the Civil War.

Question 26

How do we know the judges at Charles’ trial were nervous?

Answer 26

Many did not turn up and John Bradshaw (President of the Court) wore a hat which was reinforced with metal.

Question 27

Who was James I’s favourite?

Answer 27

James Villiers, Duke of Buckingham

Question 28

What title was Oliver Cromwell given in 1653?

Answer 28

Lord Protector.

Question 29

What religion was Oliver Cromwell.

Answer 29

Puritan

Question 30

What did the crowd do at the execution of Charles I?

Answer 30

Dipped handkerchiefs in his blood and plucked hairs from his head as souvenirs.