The structure of neutrons and synaptic transmission

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Contains all the genetic material pf the cell

Question 2

What are dendrites?

Answer 2

Branch like structures that project from the body cell, they carry impulses from other neurons towards the cell body

Question 3

What is the role of an axon?

Answer 3

Carries the impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neuron

Question 4

Describe an axon

Answer 4

Covered in a layer of myelin sheath that protects the axon

Question 5

What is the role of the myelin sheath?

Answer 5

Speeds up electrical impulses

Question 6

What is the role of nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 6

These speed up the transmission of the impulse by forcing it to ‘jump’ across gaps along the axon

Question 7

What is the role of terminal buttons?

Answer 7

Communicate with the next neuron in the chain across a synaptic gap by using neurotransmitters

Question 8

Describe the role of the Sensory neuron (unipolar)

Answer 8

Carries messages from the PNS to the CNS. Only transmit messages are known as unipolar. They tell the brain and the external and internal environment by processing info from one set of sensory receptors which are converted into neural impulses. They are translated into sensations so we can react appropriately

Question 9

Describe the role of the Relay neuron (multipolar)

Answer 9

The most common type of neuron in the CNS. Allow sensory neurons and motor neurons to connect with each other. Multipolar - send and receive info from sources. Not found in other parts of the Nervous system

Question 10

Describe the role of the motor neurons (multipolar)

Answer 10

Connect the CNS to effectors such as muscles or glands. Project axons outside the CNS to directly or indirectly control muscles and glands. When stimulated release neurotransmitters to trigger a response in muscle. Muscles contract.