The structure and function of large biological molecules

Question 1

All living things made up of 4 classes of large biological molecules

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

Question 2

Macromolecules

Answer 2

Large molecules of thousands of covalently connected atoms

Question 3

Polymer

Answer 3

Long molecule consisting of many repeating smaller units called monomers

Question 4

Monomer

Answer 4

Small units are called monomers

Question 5

4 classes of lifes organic molecules

Answer 5

• Carbohydrates
  -Proteins
  -Nucleic acid

Question 6

4 classes of large biological molecules

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nuclei acids

Question 7

Macromolecules

Answer 7

Are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently bonded atoms

Question 8

Condensation/dehydration reaction

Answer 8

2 monomers bond through loss of water molecule

Question 9

Enzymes

Answer 9

Macromolecules that speed up dehydration process

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

Polymers break apart to monomers when water is added

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

• Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio
  -3 main categories
  
  • 1 monosccharides
    -2 disaccharides
    3 polysaccharides
• Energy source, energy storage, structural support

Question 12

Disaccharide

Answer 12

Formed when dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharide this covalent bond is a glycosidic linkage

Question 13

Polysaccharide

Answer 13

polymers of sugars have storage and structural roles, structure and function of polysaccharide is determined by its sugar monomers and the positions of glycosidic linkages.

Question 14

Polysaccharide cellulose

Answer 14

tough wall of plant cells

Question 15

Like starch, Cellulose is a polymer of

Answer 15

glucose, long chains of glucose make cellulose. Glycosidic linkages differ, based on 2 ring forms for glucose alpha and beta

Question 16

starch

Answer 16

storage polysaccharide for plants, fully made of glucose monomers
- plants store lots of starch as particles within chloroplasts and other plastids

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

-storage polysaccharide in animals
-Humans and other vertebrates store glycogen mainly in liver and muscle cells

Question 18

polymer with ——– is helical shape

Answer 18

alpha glucose

Question 19

polymers with —- glucose are straight

Answer 19

beta glucose

Question 20

enzymes that digest starch by

Answer 20

hydrolyzing alpha linkages cant hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose

Question 21

cellulose in human food passes through

Answer 21

the digestive tract as insoluble fiber

Question 22

chitin

Answer 22

structural polysaccharide, found in exoskeleton of arthopods,

Question 23

chitin provides

Answer 23

structural support for the cell walls of many fungi

Question 24

lipids

Answer 24

are one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers

Question 25

Lipids are

Answer 25

hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons which form non polar covalent bonds

Question 26

Features of lipids make it have almost no or no attraction for

Answer 26

water

Question 27

Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist of mostly

Answer 27

hydrocarbons which form non polar covalent bonds

Question 28

Most biologically important lipids are

Answer 28

fats, phospholipids and steroids

Question 29

Fats

Answer 29

made from 2 types of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids

Question 30

Glycerol

Answer 30

3 carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon