The State

Question 1

Weber’s main objecives

Answer 1

state digtates how force is used (monopo0ly) happens within a certain piece of land, within that space there is only one body that can use force.
communty, territoy, force, legimitacy

Question 2

Migdal

Answer 2

if we think something is legit we dont need to be forced, it is implied that we know to follow the rules
state as a structure creates rules for all, will use force if necessary
if everyone follows rules then state doesnt have to use force, rules force us to have a certain way

Question 3

Hobbes view of human nature, state of nature, and solution

Answer 3

need ordet bc we are”
vain
competitive
equal

State nature:

Solution:
leviathan: in order tos stop kilinng each ther and live a happy life, give up our entire bodiily autonomy to a group of people to have total authority over us.

Question 4

Tilly’s theory if State Building

Answer 4

1)land was scarce and valiable more land meant more wealth
2) to gain money an dpiwer we need to invade neighbors land
3) to wage, aka, protect ourseles we need to build an amry
4) to raise armies we need loyaly and money form people.
5) ti fain legitimacy and money they offered rights sense of shared idenity
war made the state and state made the wa

Question 5

Coercion and Capital

Answer 5

coercion: raise taxes gov spends on services for people
capital: maintinas peace, protect use force for sake of mnoey and for economy to continue

Question 6

Defining and measuring legitimacy

Answer 6

legitimacy is how well citizens are willing to follow rules without coercion everyone is on the same level, none is above others.

Question 7

Marien and Hooghe’s: Political Trust and Legal Permissiveness

Answer 7

legal persmissiveness is the willingness to do illegal things:
they found that the less politiical truat the more likey people were to do illegal things through self reports

Question 8

How the use of force relates to legitimacy

Answer 8

if the state has to use force then it is not legitimate, force is implied alreayd but needed to be used.

Question 9

State use of force

Answer 9

set of rules; define appropriate rules
surveillamce: monoitring rules being broken
only then use force to punish if rules are broken
if systems are done right then we should not really see force being used
threat of violence keeps in in check

Question 10

relationship force and legitimacy?

Answer 10

does not really reflect how much crime there is, but it does seem to influence trust in police and legimitacy

Question 11

Lowatcharin and
Stallmann’s study of decentralization and trust

Answer 11

hey looked at not the amound of police but the types of police, wanted to see does the amount of decentrilization result in less or more trust?
decentrilization: the more tiers there are in systems, the more decentrilized it is.

this relationship is conditional. only some times is this relationship present, under certain conditions.
only present in rucg countries. why? because rich countries tend to have more resources, better quality, better police because of the money they hold to make these systems high quality.

Question 12

Hanson and Sigman’s: measure state capacity, including its distinct dimension

Answer 12

essential functions
distangle these functions how are they different
figure out how to measure each function

3 functions:
extraction : tsking resources from the people, raise revenue through taxes
coercion: pressure protect people, state uses forceful violence to keep people in check
administration: regularize things, develop policies to regulate peoples lives

Question 13

Measuring extractive capacity

Answer 13

not the outcomes, but instead how are the expectations meeting the outcomes

Question 14

Different definitions and measures of democracy

Answer 14

minimalist vs maxamalist:
min: meeting basic criteria, just elections
max: more complicated things to be considered a democracy, elections representation

practical vs institutional
practical: looks at how laws are being incorperated what is actually happening in pracice
institutional: rules set on paper, what rules do each country have

Question 15

Measuring Democracy

Answer 15

minmalist: DDI, code 1 if all expectations are met then they get a 1
max: VDEM, the variety of democracy uses many and ALL different questions, hundreds of them
Institutional: polity score, counting democratic and autocratic institutions: just picks up the rules, surface level. but can be the best
practical: freedom house, ask experts to ask experts to see how laws play out in practice

Question 16

Boese

Answer 16

Boese found that VDEM, polity, and Freedom house were top scores of democracy:
1) Polity
2) FH: are they allowed to do this? that?
3) VDEM- expert survery, hundreds of questions. So much more room for country to lose points
results:

Question 17

Hellwig and Samuels on presidential vs. parliamentary systems.

Answer 17

how do we see accountability through pres and parl?
focus on incumbents people, rerunning, based on their passed experiences , they use the economy how did that politician impaxt it when they were in office?

Presidentialism vs parlimentarism:
pres: power divided by president and legislature
parl: prime minister comes form the legislature and stays in the legislature, NO separation of power but divided between power
results:

Question 18

Anderson on fedeal vs unitary & Study

Answer 18

unitary: very centralized, authority and power is condensed.
federal: 2 or more governments have authority, it is easier in a unitary system to see who messed up

Anderson 2006, looks at fedearl and unitray systems impact voter ability to hold politicians accountable.
they still use incumbants based on economic performance
but rather than actual GDP, they use voter perception (survery data)
results: found that accountablity is stronger when there are stronger unitary systems, when there is clarity of who did what

Question 19

Gallego and Unequal Turn out

Answer 19

Gallego wondered by there was unqual turn out, the people that were not turning out were the less socially privileged.

she had multitple areas:
ask wheather there are strong unions
is voting easier? balltot strucutre
voting easier? harder? aumomatic voting? or self registered.
number of parties
not voting, more costly? complusory votng

results: number of parties matter and compulsoty voting matte

Question 20

Malapportionment

Answer 20

In a perfect apportioned systme no citizens votes counts more than otehrs, every vote countd equally but when that does not happen, it means it is malapportionment

Question 21

(KHS) study of small-seat districts under proportional representation (PR).

Answer 21

Representational inequality around weird world

in SMD malapportionment reflect the number of voters per disitricts, but in PR systems there is variation
smaller parties are underrepresented when there are less seats
fewer seats: closer to a SMD system, advantage to the larger winning parties

results: few seat districts tend to be concentrated where radical right wing areas are winning, so thr very small seats are over represented in European parliament’s, few seat districts underrepresent small parties

Question 22

Democratic Backsliding:
Haggard and Kaufman

Answer 22

populism is the thing that is driving backsliding.

Question 23

3 weird casess that fit that definiotion

Answer 23

Hungary, 2011
Poland 2016
US 2016
“erosion from liberal democracy

Question 24

Explaining Backsliding

Answer 24

polarization: people have major differences between themselves so therefore there is polarization
populism: identifying the other group as corrrupt creates a big divide claims to represemt the people as opposed to sepcific interest groups
new pop in the WEIRD world some populistn sat that democracy is corrupt

Question 25

Grzymala-Busse how populists govern.

Answer 25

1- Undermine accountability
ex:change how judiciary rule govern
change rules of how power is used by the center
2 undermind informal norms: rewrite history
3 reamin popular
doing things to remain relevent

Question 26

Variation in coercion

Answer 26

money spent on military, size of police

Question 27

Measuring administratice capacity

Answer 27

do not focus on outcomes, is the outcomes meeting our expectations?
if state does not care then we cannot rely on looking at the outcomes

Question 28

Defining Democratic Backsliding

Answer 28

1: democratic: at least 8 years free and fair elections
2: backsliding significant decline in libersl democraxy
3 consistnece: same patern in at least 2 additional data sets

Question 29

Graham and Slokic

Answer 29

Q: Measured how people make decisions when voting.

found that people take alot of things into consideration when voting. So because of this they used
conjoined experiment: 2 different candidates to chose from.

R: 4 dimensions: demograhic, party, policies, democratic/ undemocratic. People rarely punish people for being undemocratic mostly punished by centrists and learners.
the more polarized the candidate the smaller the consequence.
party and ideology is the main concern.