The Spread Of The Terror Flashcards
How many victims were there in the Terror between 1792 and 1794?
40000
How many victims of the Terror were guillotined?
17,000
Between September and December 1793, how many cases were brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal?
500,000
What percentage of the executions between September and December 1793 were the nobility and the percentage of clergy too?
Nobility = 9% Clergy = 7%
When was Marie Antoinette tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal? And what was she the first of?
14th October 1793, she was the first of the show trial to satisfy sans-culottes
When was Marie Antoinette guillotined?
16th October 1793
How many Girondin ministers were tried on the 24th October 1793? And when were they guillotined?
21, they were guillotined on the 31st October 1793
When was the duc d’Orleans tried?
6th November 1793
When did Saint-Just make a speech for the CPS saying, “the provisional government of France is revolutionary until there is peace”?
10th October 1793
What did the campaign involve from the 10th October 1793?
Comites de surveillance monitoring residents, armees revolutionaries crack counter-revolutionary activity, spies from the CGS and representants-en-mission pursue revolutionary justice
How many were guillotined in the Vendee?
7873
How many were drowned in the Vendee between November 1793 and January 1794?
2000
Who directed the suppression of Toulon?
Barras and Freron
By the end of 1794, how many had been executed in Lyons?
2000
What did Hebert and Chaumette encourage the sans-culottes to do?
Close churches and destroy religious signs.
When did the Paris Commune make Dechristianisation an official policy?
October 1793
When was there an order to close all remaining churches?
November 1793
What did the Notre Dame Cathedral get transformed into in November 1793?
The ‘Temple of Reason’
What was organised by the Paris Commune in November 1793?
A ‘Festival of Reason’
What happened due to the decree on the ‘liberty of cults’?
Religious toleration was reaffirmed
When did the Law of 14 Frimaire II become established?
4th December 1793
What were departements now responsible for, due to the Law of Frimaire II?
Collection of taxes and provisions of public works
What what were closed and disbanded due to the Law of Frimaire II?
Armees revolutionaries in March 1794 and popular societies
How did the Law of Frimaire II make the CPS supreme?
A highly centralised structure of government was enforced
When were the 2 laws of Ventôse passed?
January and March 1794
What did the 2 laws of Ventôse mean for patriots?
Land from counter-revolutionaries was given a share of their property
What did Hebert claim Robespierre was setting up in the first months of 1794?
A dictatorship
Who were some individuals that were ‘Indulgents’?
Danton and Desmoulins
What did Robespierre argue was needed to achieve a ‘Republic of Virtue’?
Self-sacrifice
Which groups of people did Saint-Just denounce in March 1794 to the Convention?
Hebertists and Indulgents
When was Hebert executed?
24th March 1794
When were Danton and Desmoulins guillotined?
5th April 1794
What started to break down due to the criticism of the ‘triumvirate’ of the CPS?
The power of the sans-culottes, Paris Commune and sectional societies
How many were guillotined between March and June 1794?
1000
What did Robespierre introduce on the Revolutionary Calendar to establish central control?
National days
When did the decree happen where the French people recognised the existence of the Supreme Being?
7th May 1794
When did the new scheme, the Festival of the Supreme Being, get designed?
8th June 1794
Who became the President of the Convention due to the Festival of the Supreme Being?
Robespierre
What did the Law of 22 Prairial do to intensify the Terror?
Simplify the judicial process by making convictions easier
When did the Law of 22 Prairial get established?
10th June 1794
What became the only 2 possible verdicts for those tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal due to the Law of 22 Prairial?
Acquittal and death
After the Law of 22 Prairial, the accused were still allowed witnesses and defences. True or false.
False
Between the Law of 22 Prairial and the 26th July (8 Thermidor) how many death sentences were pronounced? And how many were acquitted?
1284, of which 278 were acquitted
What was the time between the Law of 22 Prairial and 8 Thermidor called?
The ‘Great Terror’
What were the percentages of the victims of the Great Terror? (For nobles, clergy and bourgeoisie)
Nobles = 35% Clergy = 25% Bourgeoisie = 40%
What steps were taken by Robespierre on 5 Thermidor (23rd July 1794)?
Force back rising wages and set a maximum wage
Which 2 individuals set up a police network to hunt for counter-revolutionaries to infringe CGS powers?
Robespierre and Saint-Just
Why was local government breaking down?
An overload of work and atmosphere of fear
Why were Catholic priests and atheists angered?
The cult of the Supreme Being
Why were there growing suspicions of Robespierre during mid-1794?
His absence from the CPS
When did Robespierre reappear before the National Convention to give his last speech?
8 Thermidor (26th July 1794)
What did Robespierre on 8 Thermidor accuse different committees, including the CGS, of doing?
Conspiring against ‘public liberty’
When did Saint-Just arrive at the Convention to deliver a speech?
9 Thermidor (27th July 1794)
Who did Commune forces liberate?
Robespierre and the other deputies
Who attempted to retake Robespierre from Commune forces?
The National Convention
Who was found guilty and guillotined on 10 Thermidor (28th July 1794)? How many associates also faced the same fate as this individual?
Robespierre and 22 associates of his
How many out of the 95 Commune members lost their lives by 30th July 1794?
87
