The Spread of Human Rights Flashcards
From _______, the idea of human rights spread quickly to India, Greece and eventually Rome
Babylon
There are concept of “_______” arose, in observation of the fact that people tended to follow certain unwritten laws in the course of life, and Roman law was based on rational ideas derived from the nature of things
natural law
Documents asserting individual rights, such as the ______ _____ (1215), the ______ __ _____ (1628), the __ _______ (1787), the ______ _________ __ _ ___ __ ___ ________ (1789), and the ___ _____ __ _____ (1791) are the written precursors to many of today’s human rights documents
- Magna Carta (1215)
- the Petition of Right (1628)
- the US Constitution (1787)
- the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789)
- the US Bill of Rights (1791)
The _____ ____, or “Great Charter,” was arguably the most significant early influence on the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today in the English-speaking world
Magna Carta
In 1215, after _____ _____ __ _______ violated a number of ancient laws and customs by which England had been governed, his subjects forced him to sign the Magna Carta, which enumerates what later came to be thought of as human rights
King John of England
Widely viewed as one of the most important legal documents in the ___________ __ ______ ___________, the Magna Carta was a crucial turning point in the struggle to establish freedom
development of modern democracy
Magna Carta, or “_____ ______,”
signed by the King of England in 1215, was a turning point in
_____ _____
Great Charter
human rights
The next recorded milestone in the development of human rights was the _______ __ _____, produced in 16** by the English Parliament and sent to _____ __ as a statement of civil liberties
Petition of Right , produced in 1628 by the English Parliament and sent to Charles I as a statement of civil liberties
The Petition of Right, initiated by ___ ______ ____, was based upon earlier statutes and charters and asserted four principles:
1. No taxes may be levied without consent of Parliament
2. No subject may be imprisoned without cause shown (reaffirmation of the right of habeas corpus)
3. No soldiers may be quartered upon the citizenry
4. Martial law may not be used in time of peace
The Petition of Right, initiated by Sir Edward Coke, was based upon earlier statutes and charters and asserted four principles:
On July 4, 17__, the United States Congress approved the Declaration of Independence.
Its primary author, __________ ____________, wrote the Declaration as a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from ________ ________, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and as a statement announcing that the thirteen American Colonies were no longer a part of the British Empire.
Congress issued the Declaration of Independence in several forms. It was initially published as a printed __________ that was widely distributed and read to the public.
On July 4, 1776, the United States Congress approved the Declaration of Independence.
Its primary author, Thomas Jefferson, wrote the Declaration as a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and as a statement announcing that the thirteen American Colonies were no longer a part of the British Empire.
Congress issued the Declaration of Independence in several forms. It was initially published as a printed broadsheet that was widely distributed and read to the public.
Philosophically, the Declaration stressed two themes:
________ ______ and the _____ __ _______.
These ideas became widely held by Americans and spread internationally as well, influencing in particular the French Revolution
individual right ant the right of revolution
Written during the summer of 1787 in Philadelphia, the _________ __ ___ ________ _______ __ ___________ is the fundamental law of the US federal system of government and the landmark document of the Western world.
It is the oldest written national constitution in use and defines the principal organs of government and their jurisdictions and the basic rights of citizens.
Constitution of the United States of America
The ____ __ _____ of the US Constitution protects basic freedoms of United States citizens.
The Bill of Rights of the US Constitution protects basic freedoms of United States citizens.
The first ten amendments to the Constitution the Bill of Rights-came into effect on December 1_, 17__, limiting the powers of the federal government of the United States and protecting the rights of all citizens, residents and visitors in American territory.
- The Bill of Rights protects freedom of speech, freedom of
religion, the right to keep and bear arms, the freedom of assembly and the freedom to petition.
- It also prohibits unreasonable search and seizure, cruel and unusual punishment and compelled self-incrimination.
Bill of Rights (1791)
The first ten amendments to the Constitution-the Bill of Rights-came into effect on December 15, 1791, limiting the powers of the federal government of the United States and protecting the rights of all citizens, residents and visitors in American territory.
- In 1789 the people of France brought about the abolishment of the absolute monarchy and set the stage for the establishment of the first French Republic.
Just six weeks after the storming of the Bastille, and barely three weeks after the abolition of feudalism, the _______ __ ____ ______ __ ___ ___ __ ___ __________ was adopted by the National Constituent Assembly as the first step toward writing a constitution for the Republic of France.
The Declaration proclaims that all citizens are to be guaranteed the rights of “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.”
Just six weeks after the storming of the Bastille, and barely three weeks after the abolition of feudalism, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was adopted by the National Constituent Assembly
Following the French Revolution in 1789, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen granted specific freedoms from oppression, as an “________ __ ___ ______ ___”
expression of the general will.
The First Geneva Convention (1864)
► In 1864, sixteen European countries and several American states attended a conference in ________, at the invitation of the S____ F_______ C____, on the initiative of the Geneva Committee.
The diplomatic conference was held for the purpose of adopting a convention for the treatment of wounded soldiers in combat.
The main principles laid down in the Convention and maintained by the later Geneva Conventions provided for the obligation to extend care without discrimination to wounded and sick military personnel and respect for and marking of medical personnel transports and equipment with the distinctive sign of the red cross on a white background.
The First Geneva Convention (1864)
► In 1864, sixteen European countries and several American states attended a conference in Geneva, at the invitation of the Swiss Federal Council, on the initiative of the Geneva Committee.
The diplomatic conference was held for the purpose of adopting a convention for the treatment of wounded soldiers in combat.
The First Geneva Convention (1864)
The original document from the
first Geneva Convention in 1864
provided for ____ to
_______ _______.
The original
document from the
first Geneva
Convention in 1864
provided for care to
wounded soldiers.
Fifty nations met in San Francisco in
_____ and formed the ______ _____ to protect and promote peace.
1945 United Nations
