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anatomy > the spleen, thymus gland & thoracic duct > Flashcards

the spleen, thymus gland & thoracic duct Flashcards

1
Q

-the spleen is formed of ………..
- participating in the body’s …….as a site of ………….

A
  • large encapsulated mass of lymphoid and vascular tissue
  • defense system
    lymphocytes proliferation
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2
Q
  • prenatally, it’s a ……….. but after birth is involved in …….&…….&……….. RBCs
  • it act as ……..
A
  • hematopoietic organ
  • identifying & removing & destroying
  • blood reservoirs
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3
Q

describe the position of the spleen

A

it’s situated in the left hypochondrium between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm , its long axis lies approximately in the plane of the10th rib

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4
Q

describe the dimensions and size of the spleen

A
  • the size of the one’s fist
  • 1 thickness , 3 breadth , 5 length
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5
Q

describe the shape of the spleen

A

varies according to the pressure by neighboring structure at time of death , it has :
- two ends post , ant
- two borders sup , inf
- two surfaces diaphragmatic and visceral

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6
Q

post (medial) end of the spleen directed …..,……&……and faces ……..

A

-upward , backwards & medially
- the vertebral column

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7
Q

ant (lateral) end of the spleen directed ……,…..&……
it expanded & commonly forms a margin.

A
  • downward, forward & laterally
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8
Q

-the sup border of the spleen is usually ……..and …….
- near its ant end has ………indicating ……..form of the spleen in early fetal life .

A
  • convex & sharp
  • one or two notches
  • the lobulated
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9
Q

the inf border of the spleen is more …….and …….than the sup border.

A

blunt & rounded

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10
Q

the intermediate border of the spleen is …….and corresponds to its …….

A

rounded
hilum

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11
Q

diaphragmatic surface of the spleen is …… & ……and is related to diaphragm which separates it from ……..

A
  • convex & smooth
  • the lowest parts of the lung , pleura & 9th to 11th ribs
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12
Q

visceral surface of the spleen faces ……..

A

abdominal cavity

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13
Q

list impressions of the visceral surface of the spleen

A
  1. the gastric impression
  2. the renal impression
  3. the colic impression
  4. the pancreatic impression
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14
Q

describe the gastric impression of the visceral surface of the spleen

A
  • broad & concave
  • related to the stomach (fundus)
  • the spleen is separated from the stomach by a recess of the greater sac
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15
Q

at the lower part of the gastric impression lies the ……….. of the spleen which gives passage for the splenic vessels and nerves

A

hilum

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16
Q

at the lower part of the …….. impression lies the hilum of the spleen which gives passage for the splenic vessels and nerves

A

gastric

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17
Q

at the …………of the gastric impression lies the hilum of the spleen which gives passage for the splenic vessels and nerves

A

lower part

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18
Q

at the lower part of the gastric impression lies the hilum of the spleen which gives passage for …………

A

the splenic vessels and nerves

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19
Q

describe the renal impression

A
  • located on the lowest part of the visceral surface close to the inf border
  • separated from the gastric impression above by a raised intermediate margin and the hilum of the spleen
  • it’s related to the left kidney
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20
Q

describe the colic impression

A
  • flat
  • lie close to the extreme lateral end of the spleen
  • related to the left colic flexure & phrenico-colic ligament
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21
Q

describe the pancreatic impression

A
  • small & situated between the colic impression and the lateral part of the hilum
  • it’s related to the tail of the pancreas which lies in the lienorenal ligament
22
Q

the spleen is completely surrounded by………… & is connected to the left kidney by …………..ligament and to the stomach by ………….ligament.

A
  • peritoneum of the great sac
  • lieno-renal (spleno-renal)
    -(gastro-splenic)
23
Q

the spleen develops from ………. of the dorsal mesogastrium dividing that part into gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments.

A

upper part

24
Q

the spleen develops from upper part of the …………. dividing that part into gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments.

A

dorsal mesogastrium

25
Q

the spleen develops from upper part of the dorsal mesogastrium dividing that part into…………….

A

gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments.

26
Q

lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament is a peritoneal fold connects ………….

A

the front of the left kidney with the spleen

27
Q

list contents of lienorenal ligament

A
  1. splenic artery with sympathetic fibers & splenic vein
  2. tail of pancreas
  3. pancreatico-splenic lymph nodes and vessels
  4. extraperitoneal fatty tissue
28
Q

describe the surface anatomy of the spleen

A
  • correspond to an area opposite the 9th,10th & 11th rib ( the inf border corresponds to the lower margin of 11th rib)
  • its post end being about 1½ inches from the mid dorsal line at the level of the 10th thoracic vertebral spine
  • its ant end reach reaches the mid axillary line
29
Q

illustrate blood supply of the spleen

A
  1. artery: splenic artery
  2. vein: splenic vein
  3. lymphatic drainage :
    - capsule& trabeculae drain into pancreaticosplenic LNs
    - splenic pulp has no lymphatic drainage
30
Q

describe the innervation of the spleen.

A

sympathetic from the colic plexus

31
Q

the thymus gland is ………formed of …….
it’s located in the …….

A
  • ductless gland
  • lymphoid tissue
  • inf part of the neck and the ant part of the sup mediastinum & extend into the ant mediastinum where it lies posterior to the manubrium and anterior to the fibrous pericardium
32
Q

thymus change according the age:
- it’s well developed during ……& ……..
- it reach its maximum size in the ……and remain so until after puberty after which it gradually involutes and becomes largely replaced by ………

A
  • fetal & early post natal life (childhood)
  • 2nd year after birth
    fat and fibrous tissue
33
Q

illustrate arterial supply of the thymus

A

ant intercostal & ant mediastinum branches of the internal thoracic artery

34
Q

illustrate venous drainage of the thymus

A

veins of the thymus end in the left : brachiocephalic , internal thoracic and inf thyroid veins

35
Q

illustrate the lymphatic vessels of the thymus

A

end in the parasternal , brachiocephalic and tracheobronchial LNs

36
Q

def of the thoracic duct

A

-it’s a long thin walled duct (38-45cm)
- convey most of the lymph of the body to the blood stream

37
Q

thoracic duct arise from the ………

A

cisterna chyli (elongated lymph sac) that lies in front of L1, L2 vertebrae.

38
Q

thoracic duct enter the thorax through the ………of the diaphragm between azygos vein on its right side and aorta on its left side

A
  • the aortic opening
39
Q

thoracic duct enter the thorax through the aortic opening of the diaphragm between ……….. on its right side and ……. on its left side

A

azygos vein
aorta

40
Q

in the post mediastinum , the thoracic duct ascend till ……..where it crosses………….to its left side

A

T5 vertebrae
behind the esophagus

41
Q

in the sup mediastinum , the thoracic duct ascend on the left side of the ……..
to the root of the neck

A

esophagus

42
Q

in the root of the neck , the thoracic duct arch laterally at the level of ………behind ……….and its content to open in the angle between ……&…….

A

-C7 vertebral transverse process
-the left carotid sheath
- left internal Jugular vein & the left subclavian vein

43
Q

illustrate the tributaries of thoracic duct

A

it drains lymph :
1- below the diaphragm (both side of the body ): via cisterna chyli
2. above the diaphragm ( left ½ of the body): through the following lymph trunk (LT)
-Lt jugular LT drain Lt side head & neck
- Lt subclavian LT drain Lt upper limb
- Lt bronchmediastinal LT drain Lt ½ of the thoracic cavity

44
Q

any of the 3 mentioned LT can open separately in the angle between ……….& ………..instead of the thoracic duct

A
  • left internal jugular vein & the left subclavian vein
45
Q

the thoracic duct contains a number of valves , 2 of them are present at its termination to prevent ……………..

A

regurgitation of venous blood into the duct

46
Q

the thoracic duct contains a number of valves ,…………………. are present at its termination to prevent regurgitation of venous blood into the duct

A

2 of them

47
Q

the thoracic duct contains ………………. , 2 of them are present at its termination to prevent regurgitation of venous blood into the duct

A

a number of valves

48
Q

-Rt lymphatic duct is a short duct being ……..along .
- it’s present in the …….
- it drains lymph from ……..

A
  • 1 cm
  • Rt side of the root of the neck
  • the Rt ½ of the body above the diaphragm
49
Q

Rt lymphatic duct formed by union of which lymph trunk (LT)?

A
  • Rt jugular LT which drain Rt side of the head and neck
  • Rt subclavian LT which drain the Rt upper limb
  • Rt bronchomediastinal LT which drain the Rt ½ of the thoracic cavity
50
Q

the Rt lymphatic duct terminate in the angle between ………..&…………

A

Rt internal jugular vein & Rt subclavian vein

51
Q

each of the 3 lymph trunks that form the Rt lymphatic duct may open separately at the site of ……….

A

termination of the duct it self

anatomy (2 decks)

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