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sonography > The Spleen > Flashcards

The Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

The spleen’s main function is to?

A

Filter peripheral blood

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2
Q

The spleen is active in blood formation (_________) during the intial part of fetal life.

A

Hematopoiesis

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3
Q

Where does the spleen lie?

A

In the left hypochondrium - with its axis along the shaft of the 10th rib.

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4
Q

The spleen is a _______ _______ which is covered entirely with _________ except for a small area at it’s __________, where the _______ __________ and ________ _______ are located.

A 
peritoneal organ, 
peritoneum, 
hilum,
vascular structures,
lymph nodes
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5
Q

Variable size and shape ~

A

“Orange segment,” tetrahedral or triangular

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6
Q

The spleen’s normal measurements for an average adult are ______?

A

12 cm long, 7 cm wide,

and 3 - 4 cm thick

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7
Q

_______ ________ covers the spleen with peritoneum.

A

Protective capsule

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8
Q

The “_______ ______” of the spleen can be helpful in distinguising intraperitoneal from ______ _______ _______.

A

“bare area”

pleural fluid collections

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9
Q

The splenorenal ligament is?

A

Peritoneal ligament that attatches the spleen to the stomach and the kidneys.

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10
Q

The gastrosplenic ligament is?

A

Composed of two layers of the dorsal mesentery that seperate the lesser sac posteriorly from the greater sac

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11
Q

The gastrosplenic ligament is composed of ____ layers or the _____ _______ that seperate the _____ ____ posteriorly from the _____ ____ anteriorly

A

two,
dorsal mesentery,
lesser sac,
greater sac

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12
Q

The splenorenal ligament is a _____ ligament that attatches the _______ to the _______ and the _______.

A

peritoneal,
spleen,
stomach,
kidney

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13
Q

The spleenic artery enters the _______ _______ and immediately branches into ____ smaller arteries to supply the spleen with ________ _______ to profuse the splenic ________.

A

splenic hilum,
six,
oxygenated blood,
parenchyma

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14
Q

The spleenic artery trravels along the ________ border of the _______.

A

superior,

pancreas

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15
Q

The splenic vein leaves the ______ in a ________ direction to join the ________ ________ _______.

A

hilum,
horizontal,
superior mesenteric vein

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16
Q

The splenic vein travels along the ________ border of the _________.

A

posterior

pancreas

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17
Q

_______ vessels emerge from the ________ _______, pass through other _______ ______ along the course of the _______ _______, and drain into the _______ ________.

A 
Lymph,
splenic hilum,
lymph nodes,
splenic artery,
celiac nodes
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18
Q

The spleen is the _______ _______ organ.

A

largest lymphoid

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19
Q

The spleen filters ______ cells, _______ and ______ ______.

A

damaged,
microorganisms,
particulate matter

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20
Q

_______ to the spleen accompany the splenic artery and are derived from the _______ ______.

A

Nerves,

celiac plexus

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21
Q

The left kidney and the adrenal gland are ______ and ______to the spleen.

A

inferior,

medial

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22
Q

What is above and also behind the spleen?

A

diaphragm, left pleuria, left lung and the 8th - 11th ribs

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23
Q

What is medial and anterior to the splenic hilum?

A

fundus of the stomach, the lesser sac, and the pancreatic tail

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24
Q

The left kidney and the adrenal gland are ______ and _______ to the spleen.

A

inferior, medial

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25
Q

Which ligaments hold the spleen in place?

3 ligaments

A

lienorenal, gastrosplenic, and phrenocolic ligaments

26
Q

If there is a mass in the upper left quadrant, how may it affect the spleen?

A

It may be displaced inferiorly.

27
Q

______ displacement may be secondary to a ______ ______, ______ ______, or a _____ ______ ______. (towards the feet)

A

Caudal, (feet)
subclavian abscess,
splenic cyst,
left pleural effusion

28
Q

_____ displacement may result from volume loss in the _____ ______, left lobe ______, paralysis of the left__________, or a large ___________ mass. (towards the head)

A 
Cephalic, (head)
left lung,
pneumonia,
hemidiaphragm,
intraabdominal
29
Q

What is a spleen which has migrated from its normal location in the left upper quadrant?

A

“Wandering spleen”

30
Q

A “wandering spleen” may present what symptoms?

A

abdominal or pelvic mass, intermittent pain, and volvulus* (splenic torsion)

31
Q

Congenital anomalies include:

A

asplenia or splenic agensis (no spleen),
polysplenia,
visceral heterotaxy

32
Q

Polysplenia is associated with ______ left upper quadrant _______, absent _______ and ______ defects.

A

multiple,
spleens,
gallbladder,
cardiac

33
Q

Visceral heterotaxy is the _________ placement or transportation of ________ or parts. Spectrum of ______ disorders. Due to early _______ disturbances that occur prior to the ____ week of gestation.

A

anomalous,
viscera,
embryologic,
6th

34
Q

Situs solitus is ______ arrangement of asymmetric body parts.

A

Normal

35
Q

Situs invertsus is the ______ image or situs solitus.

A

mirror (flipped)

36
Q

Situs ambiguous is the ________ of the development of normal asymmetric arrangement of the abdominal _______ and _____.

A

disruption,
organs,
vessels

37
Q

Patients with asplenia (no spleen) may have _______ _______ sidedness.

A

bilateral right

38
Q

Patients with polysplenia have _________ ______ sidedness.

A

bilateral left

polysplenia - multiple spleens

39
Q

An accessory spleen (splenunculus) is usually found where?

A

Near the hilum or the inferior border of the spleen. (additional spleens = accessory spleens)

40
Q

The spleen is ___ ______ to life.

A

not necessary

41
Q

The spleen filters _______ materials from the _____, and forms _______.

A

foriegn,
blood,
antibodies

42
Q

The spleen is a ____ organ with ______ properties that allow it to distend as blood fills the ______ sinuses. These characteristics are related to the spleen’s function as a ______ ______

A

soft,
elastic,
venous,
blood reservoir

43
Q

In the lobules of the spleen, there are tissues which are called _____

A

pulp

44
Q

________ pulp consists of ______ nodules, which are similar to those found in ______ nodes and contain ______ numbers of _______; the _________ of the spleen help defend the body against ________.

A 
White,
splenic,
lymph,
large,
lymphocytes
lymphocytes,
infections
45
Q

______ pulp contains relatively _______ numbers of _____ ______ cells.

A

Red,
large,
red blood

46
Q

In ______, the major portion of the hemoglobin breakdown occurs in the spleen

A

splenomegaly

47
Q

Phagocytosis of ______ and the breakdown of ______ occur throughout the entire reticuloendothelial system, however roughly _____ _____ the catabolic activity is localized in the normal _______.

A

erythrocytes, (red blood cells)
hemoglobin,
one half
spleen

48
Q

in anomalies such as the hemolytic anemias, the splenic phagocytes become ______ with ______ when erythrocyte destruction is _______.

A

engorged,
hemosiderin,
accelerated

49
Q

______ is the process of removing the ______ from the red blood cells.

A

Pitting,

nuclei

50
Q

______ is the process by which the spleen removes ________ _____ ______ cells.

A

Culling,

abnormal red blood

51
Q

________ indicates the percentage of red blood cells per volume of blood.

A

Hematocrit

52
Q

Abnormally low readings of _____ indicate hemorrhage or internal bleeding.

A

hematocrit

53
Q

______ indicates the presence of bacteria within the body.

A

Bacteremia

54
Q

The term ______ indicates ________ in the bloodstream

A

sepsis,

bacteria

55
Q

Leukocytosis - the increase in the number of ______ cells present in the blood is usually a typical finding in _______.

A

white,

infection

56
Q

Leukopenia is an abnormal ______ in _____ blood corpuscles.

A

decrease,

white

57
Q

Thrombocytopenia is the abnormal ________ in ______.

A

decrease,

platelets

58
Q

The splenic parenchyma should have a fine uniform __________ ____ to ____ level echo pattern, as is seen in the ______ parenchyma.

A

homogeneous,
mid,
low,
liver

59
Q

The spleen has ____ components joined at the hilum: _______ component and an _______ component.

A

2,
superomedial,
inferolateral

60
Q

Formula for splenic length in children:

do not have to know for test

A

5.7 + (0.31 x age in years)

61
Q

_________ is diagnosed, when the spleen measures more than ___ cm in the adult patient or more than the normal length in a child.

A

Splenomegaly,

13

62
Q

Patient position and technique

A

right lateral decubitus (right side down, left side up)

sonography (2 decks)

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