The spine, columna vertebral Flashcards
early in life you have ____ bones of the vertebral column, that is divided into 5 division. In adult the bone is comprised of ___ bones because bones in sacrum and coccyx fused
33,26
Cervical ___, Thoracic ___, Lumbar ___
7,12,5
how many sacrum do children have?
5
Primary curves are split into 2, first and second, what are they?
1st Primary curve is Thoracic curvature
2nd Primary curve is Sacral curvature
Primary curves are …
convex (rounded outward)
Compensatory curves are…
concave, (lordotic curves)
Compensatory curves are split into two what are they?
Cervical curvature, and Lumbar curvature
this condition refers to an abnormal increased anterior concavity of lumbar spine
Lordosis
This condition refers to abnormal condition characterized by increased convexity of thoracic curvature
Kyphosis
When you have an abnormal exaggerated lateral curvature, you have…
scoliosis
Pedicles connect transverse process to…
body of spinous bones
Laminae connects transverse process to…
Spinous process
what curves are present at birth and what type of curve is it?
Primary curve, Convex
when several vertebrae are stacked, it forms a vertebral ____
Canal
what extends posteriorly between laminae?
Spinous process
when articular processes are stacked together by superior and inferior articular surfaces, what is this joint called?
Zygapophyseal joint
what cervical bones are designed to join the skull
C1 and C2
which cervical bone is designed to join the thoracic spine?
C7
C-3 to C-6 contains _ vertical foramen, ____ and ____ transverse foramen and vertebral foramen. The spinous process of these cervicals are _____ pointed
3, right and left, double
what is special about C1?
Has no body
what arches extend between lateral masses and form a ring?
anterior and posterior arches
what does the transverse atlantal ligament do?
receives the dens of C2
what does C7 has that the other cervical bones don’t?
vertebra prominens
to find C4-C6 what anatomical landmark do you use?
Thyroid cartilage
C7 can be found by using what anatomical landmark?
Vertebra prominens
what does Thoracic vertebrae has that no other bones have? what kind of joint does it form
articular surface for ribs call demifacets. Forms a costovertebral joint
what does the 9th thoracic body has ?
Only a superior facet
what does the 10th to 12th thoracic body have?
single whole facet at superior margin
what does the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with? what joint does it form?
Tubercle of the rib, costotransverse joint
what lvl of thoracic does the 1.5” above jugular notch give you?
T1
T2-T3 is represented by…
sternal notch
T4-T5 is represented by
Sternal angle
T7 is represented by…
3-4 inches below sternal notch
T9-T10 is represented by
xiphoid process
which part of the spinal column support and transmit weight of entire trunk through SI joints to hip bones?
Lumbar
The laminae of lumbar spine has a special part call ________ ______. They are best demonstrated in what view?
pars interarticularis, oblique
What lumbo-sacral anomalies causes inflammation at SI joins, progresses upward the vertebral column with no known cause?
Akalosing Spondylitis
What projection of the spine will best demonstrate lordosis?
Lateral view
Spina Bifida is when vertebrae fails to develop, where does it usually occur most often?
L5
A dissolution of a vertebra, vertebral arch and separation of interarticularis is….
Spondylolysis
What does oblique projection of spondylolysis show?
Neck of scotty dog broken
this condition is due to developmental defect in the pars interarticularis or results from spondylolysis or severe osteoarthritis, severe cases may require spinal fusion…
Spondylolisthesis
IF you want to see L2-L3 what is your anatomical landmark?
lower costal margin
If you want to see L4-L5, what is your anatomical landmark?
Iliac Crest
shovel shaped bone is known as…
Sacrum
Sacral foramina has _ sets
4
In the first sacral segment, the large mass of bone on the lateral sides are call
Alae
what part of the sacrum form the wall of the inlet of the true pelvis and is an anterior ridge of body of first sacral segment?
Promontory
Vertebral canal in sacrum is called…
Sacral Canal
Another name for Sacral Horns
Cornua
If iliac crest shows lvl of L4-L5, what shows lvl of S1-S2?
ASIS
what are essentially visible during an open mouth?
Dens, vertebral body of C2, lat masses and transverse processes of C1, atlantoaxial joints
what do you see in AP axial cervical view?
1st Rib with T1, C4, Lateral mass of C3, and Spinous process of C2
What anatomy is demonstrated in RPO/LPO posterior oblique cervical?
Intervertebral Foramina and pedicals on the side that is farthest from IR
In lateral view of C spine, what do you see?
Dens, Body of C3, Z joint between C4 and C5. Count from the bottom
In AP T spine, how could you tell you’re looking at the T12?
It has fake ribs coming out of it (short) and its close to the bottom
In lat T spine, __ and __ are not well visualized, if upper T spine are of special int, obtain a ____ view
T1-T3, swimmer’s view
Intervertebral foramina btwn T11-T12 can be seen in what view?
Lat T Spine
name the following parts of the scotty dog:
nose, eye, neck, ear, and top of the neck, leg
Nose= Transverse process Eye= Pedicles Ear = Superior articular facet Neck= Pars interarticularis Top of Neck = Zygapophyseal joint Leg = inferior articular facet
The only view to present the pars interarticularis is…
Posterior Oblique, LPO and RPO
Lumbo Sacral joint and Promontory of sacrum can be seen in …..
L5-S1
Apex of Sacrum and Sacral Foramina are clearly visible in what view?
AP axial sacrum
If you are performing an LPO, what side of the SI joint are you looking at?
right side
what do you see in a lateral sacrum and coccyx?
sacrum, L5-S1 intervertebral joint space, and coccyx
