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NEUROANATOMY > The Spinal Cord And The Ascending And Descending Tracts > Flashcards

The Spinal Cord And The Ascending And Descending Tracts Flashcards

1
Q

Central bony pillar of the body.

A

Vertebral column

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2
Q

Vertebral column is composed of?

A

Composed of 33 vertebra:
7 cervical,
12 thoracic,
5 lumbar,
5 sacral (fused to form the sacrum), and
4 coccygeal (the lower 3 are commonly fused).

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3
Q

Directed posteriorly from the junction of the two laminae

A

Spinous processes/Spine

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4
Q

Directed laterally from the junction of the laminae and the pedicles

A

Transverse processes/Spine:

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5
Q

Vertically arranged and consist of two superior and two inferior processes.

A

Articular process/ spine

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6
Q

Serve as shock absorbers when the load on the vertebral column is suddenly increased.

A

IV DISCS

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7
Q

Thickest in the cervical and lumbar regions, where the movements of the vertebral column are greatest.

A

IV DISCS

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8
Q

Each IV discs consisits: ????

A
  • the anulus fibrosus
    -nucleus pulposus
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9
Q

Each IV discs consisits: ????

A
  • the anulus fibrosus
    -nucleus pulposus
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10
Q

composed of fibrocartilage, which is strongly attached to the vertebral bodies and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments of the vertebral column.

A

The anulus fibrosus

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11
Q

the young is an ovoid mass of gelatinous material. It is normally under pressure and situated slightly nearer to the posterior than to the anterior margin of the disc.

A

Nucleus pulposus

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12
Q

This runs between the tips of adjacent spines.

A

Supraspinous ligament

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13
Q

This connects adjacent spines.

A

Interspinous ligament

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14
Q

These run between adjacent transverse processes.

A

Intertransverse ligaments:

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15
Q

This connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae.

A

Ligamentum flavum

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16
Q

The joints between the vertebral bodies are innervated by the small meningeal branches of each spinal nerves.

A

Nerve supply:

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17
Q

Roughly cylindrical in shape.

A

Gross apperance of the spinal cord

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18
Q

The cord possesses a deep longitudinal fissure called the ______anterior median fissure in the midline anteriorly and a shallow furrow called the _________ on the posterior surface.

A

1anterios median fissure
2. Posterior median sulcus

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19
Q

Spinal cord are attached of how many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31 pairs

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20
Q

composed of an inner core of gray matter, which is sorround by an outer covering of white matter

A

Structure of the spinal cord

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21
Q

Seen as an H-shaped pillar with anterior and posterior gray columns, or horns, united by a thin gray commissure containing the small central canal

A

Gray matter

22
Q

are large and multipolar, and their axons pass out in the anterior roots of the spinal nerves as alpha efferents, which innervate skeletal muscles

A

Most nerve cells

23
Q

are also multipolar, and the axons of many of these pass out in the anterior roots of the spinal nerves as gamma efferents, which innervate the intrafusal muscle fibers of neuromuscular spindles.

A

Smaller nerve cells

24
Q

The nerve cells of the anterior gray column may be divided into three basic groups or columns:

A
  1. Medial
  2. Central
    3.lateral
25
Q

Present in most segments of the spinal cord and is responsible for innervating the skeletal muscles of the neck and trunk, including the intercostal and abdominal musculature.

A

Medial

26
Q

Smallest and is present in some cervical and lumbosacral segments.

A

Central

27
Q

Present in the cervical and lumbosacral segments of the cord and is responsible for innervating the skeletal muscles of the limbs.

A

Lateral

28
Q

There are four nerve cell groups of the posterior gray column: two that extend throughout the length of the cord and two that are restricted to the thoracic and lumbar segments.

A

Nerve cell groups in the posterior gray columns

29
Q

Situated at the apex of the posterior gray column throughout the length of the spinal cord

A

The Substantia Gelatinosa Group:

30
Q

Group of large nerve cells situated anterior to the substantia gelatinosa throughout the spinal cord

A

The nucleus proprius group

31
Q

Group of nerve cells situated at the base of the posterior gray column and extending from the eighth cervical segment caudally to the third or fourth lumbar segments.

A

The Nucleus Dorsalis (Clarke’s column) Group:

32
Q

Nerve cells of medium size situated lateral to the nucleus dorsalis.
Extends from the first thoracic to the third lumbar segment of the spinal cord.

A

. The Visceral Afferent Nucleus Group:

33
Q

The intermediolateral group of cells form the small lateral gray column.

A

Nerve Cell Groups in the Lateral Gray Columns

34
Q

In the center of the gray commissure is situated the

A

Central canal

35
Q

Consists of a mixture of nerve fibers, neuroglia, and blood vessels.

A

White matter

36
Q

Surrounds the gray matter, and its white color is due to the high proportion of myelinated nerve fibers.

A

White matter

37
Q

May be divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior white columns or funiculi.

The anterior column on each side lies between the midline and the point of emergence of the anterior nerve roots.

The lateral column lies between the emergence of the anterior nerve roots and the entry of the posterior nerve roots.

The posterior column lies between the entry of the posterior nerve roots and the midline.

A

White matter

38
Q

Ascend from the spinal cord to higher centers and thus connect the spinal cord with the brain.

A

THE ASCENDING TRACTS OF THE SPINAL CORD

39
Q

Two main grouo information in ascending tracts of the spinal cord

A
  1. Exteroceptive information
    2.proprioceptive information
40
Q

which originates from outside the body, such as pain, temperature, and touch, and

A

Exteroceptive infromation

41
Q

which originates from inside the body, for example, from muscles and joints.

A

Proprioceptive information

42
Q

Experienced within about 0.1 second after the pain stimulus is applied. Sharp pain, acute pain, or pricking pain and is the type of pain felt after pricking the finger with a needle. Fast pain is almost confined to the skin. Fast pain travels in peripheral nerves in large diameter A delta axons at velocities of between 6 and 30 msec. The fast type of pain is precisely localized. Impulses travel directly up to the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus and are then relayed to the cerebral cortex.

A

Fast pain

43
Q

Felt 1.0 second or later after the stimulation

A

Slow pain

44
Q

All types of pain reception take place in

A

Free nerve endings

45
Q

Pain control in the CNS:

A
  1. The gating theory
  2. The analgesia system
46
Q

The site where the pain fiber enters the central nervous system, inhibition could occur by means of connector neurons excited by large, myelinated afferent fibers carrying information of nonpainful touch and pressure

A

The gatting theory

47
Q

Stimulation of certain areas of the brainstem can reduce or block sensations of pain.

A

The analgesia system

48
Q

Present throughout the length of the spinal cord and contains the long ascending fibers from the sacral, lumbar, and lower six thoracic spinal nerves.

A

Fasciculus Gracilis

49
Q

Situated laterally in the upper thoracic and cervical segments of the spinal cord and is separated from the fasciculus gracilis by a septum

A

Fasciculus Cuneatus

50
Q

A reflex may be defined as an involuntary response to a stimulus

A

Reflex arc

51
Q

, a reflex arc consists of the following anatomical structures:

A

(1) a receptor organ
(2) an afferent neuron
(3) an effector neuron
(4) an effector organ

52
Q

A reflex arc involving only one synapse is referred to as a _

A

Monisynaptic reflex arc

NEUROANATOMY (2 decks)

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