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ZOOTH 318: Swine Production > The Sow > Flashcards

The Sow Flashcards

1
Q

the time interval from weaning to service

A

Dry Period

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2
Q

signs of poor management practice

A

✓ low conception rate
✓ abortion
✓ small litter size at birth and weaning
✓ impaired reproduction

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3
Q

Signs of poor management practice can be minimized by;

A

✓ always keep the sow in good health and condition
✓ lactation period should only be 6 weeks to shorten dry period
✓ do not feed the sow on the day of weaning and reduce water intake
✓ expose weaned sows to the boar
✓ if sows do not come into heat within the days, hormonal injection could be given to induce heat
✓ old sows from 8 parity and above tend longer dry periods
✓ keep sows as cool as possible
✓ check dry for heat occurrence twice a day
✓ observe the right time of breeding
✓ breed only good sows. cull bad sows immediately

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4
Q

time during which the sow will accept the boar

A

1-5 days (with an average of 2-3 days)

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5
Q

if not bred., when will be the cycle repeat?

A

16-25 days (with an average of 21 days)

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6
Q

it is believed that ovulation takes place in how many hours after the onset of estrus?

A

40 hours

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7
Q

in how many hours the sperm cell lives in the reproductive tract of female?

A

28-48 hours

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8
Q

suggested feeding scheme for dry sows

A

Hog Breeder

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9
Q

Advantages of early pregnancy detection

A

✓ it makes possible to cull
✓ allows closer grouping of a number of sows
✓ gives early warning for breeding troubles
✓ enables the producer to make adequately for farrowing, nursing and finishing

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10
Q

in this stage that conception and early development of the embryo takes place, we should avoid?

A

avoid stress, rough handling, fighting and other disturbances

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11
Q

Avoid stress, rough handling, fighting and other disturbances especially in the?

A

1st 3-4 weeks of pregnancy

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12
Q

For the sow to be relaxed and to adjust to the environment, move her from?

A

gestating pen to farrowing pen

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13
Q

Signs of Farrowing

A

✓ nest making, nudging and biting of hurdles
✓ dog sitting position
✓ enlargement of udder of the sow
✓ enlargement and swelling of the vulva
✓ frequent urination
✓ milk let down
✓ mucous discharge with meconium
✓ signs of labor

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14
Q

suckling period could be from?

A

28 days to 42 days

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15
Q

is very critical and demanding at farrowing time.

A

management

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16
Q

Farrowing may take as how many hours?

A

1hr or may last for several hours
(39 min to 6 hours with an average of 2.5 hours)

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17
Q

interval between piglets not be longer than?

A

15 mins

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18
Q

assistance to sows should be given if the following is observed;

A

✓ restlessness
✓ excessive straining
✓ piglet interval is 45 minutes

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19
Q

Farrowing problems are usually observed in?

A

older, overweight and nervous sows

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20
Q

reasons why piglets are slow to be born;

A

✓ large piglet is struck in the birth canal
✓ piglets coming out at the same time
✓ exhausted sow for farrowing quite sometimes
✓ farrowing house is to warm

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21
Q

used to detect piglets that died from stillbirth as compared to suffocation or any other cause of death.

A

lung floatation method

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22
Q

causes of piglets that died from stillbirth

A

✓ increased farrowing time
✓ warm farrowing room
✓ piglets born towards the end of farrowing

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23
Q

drug to induce farrowing

A

prostaglandin

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24
Q

one of the most abrupt & major changes for many animals

A

Birth

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25
Q

Piglets Care and Management

A

✓ Navel Cord Care
✓ Teeth Clipping & Tail Docking
✓ Brooder
✓ Ear Notching
✓ Colostrum
✓ Fostering
✓ Splaylegs

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26
Q

is practiced to minimize tail biting problems during weaning and fattening stages

A

tail docking

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27
Q

this should be done immediately to avoid damage to the udder the sow and to prevent fighting wounds among piglets

A

teeth clipping and tail docking

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28
Q

the ideal brooding temperature

A

30-32 C or a two 75 watt or three 59-watt electric bulb

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29
Q

it done to identify the animals

A

Earnotching

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30
Q

some tips in tail docking

A

✓ use side cutter
✓ dock tails soon after birth
✓ do not clip the tail too short
✓ clean cutters thoroughly

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31
Q

all of the newborn piglets immunity comes from the sow after birth. the ability to passively absorbed the immunoglobulin intact, without indigestion is lost after 36 hrs. of birth

A

passive immunity

32
Q

is an important mineral necessary for the formation of hemoglobin (carrier of oxygen) in the RBC and prevents nutritional anemia.

A

Iron (Fe)

33
Q

preferred route of administration.

A

injection

34
Q

the concentration of iron

A

100 or 200 mg iron per ml

35
Q

signs of iron deficiency/nutritional anemia;

A

✓ loss of appetite
✓ emaciation
✓ restlessness
✓ poor hair & skin condition
✓ slow growth
✓ paleness
✓ hard breathing

36
Q

piglets may suffer from iron toxicity with dose of 600 mg/kg body weight in 3 to 10-day-old piglets

A
37
Q

signs of iron toxicity

A

✓ depressed fed intake and rate of gain
✓ rickets and death

38
Q

removal of the testicles is a simple operation

A

castration

39
Q

the best time to castrate the animals

A

1 to 2 weeks of age

40
Q

which slow growth and systemic infection like tetanus and lockjaw

A

castration abscesses

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE!

Bathing after castration is recommended

A

FALSE. not recommended

42
Q

the inguinal ring is damaged due to excessive pulling of the spermatic cord when the testicle is forced out

A

post castration hernia

43
Q

due to prolonged handling and restraint. it should be performed quickly

A

hemorrhage

44
Q

Advantages in Castration

A

✓ it reduces if not eliminate the obnoxious boar odor
✓ it avoids accidental breeding
✓ castrates are easier to handle because they are docile

45
Q

Disadvantages of Castration

A

✓ castrates on restricted ration grow slower
✓ boars have better slaughter quality
✓ stress & shower growth after castration
✓ time consuming and rough job

46
Q

are not recommended for lactating sows

A

roughage and voluminous feeds

47
Q

average milk production of sows per day

A

7.5-9.5 litter

48
Q

peak production of milk occurs between the?

A

3rd and 4th week. then it declines

49
Q

points of interest if the sow cannot consume the ration given;

A

✓ wet feeding result to higher consumption than dry feeding
✓ pellets are better than mash or meal
✓ feed the sow many times a day in divided ration or adlib
✓ high temperature in the pen results to less feed intake

50
Q

weight of 28 days old piglet

A

7.5 kgs

51
Q

duration between weaning and post weaning heat

A

4-7 days

52
Q

pigs less than 7 days old utilize only

A

glucose and lactose

53
Q

piglets that 7-10 days old utilize?

A

fructose and sucrose

54
Q

feeding fructose and sucrose to piglets less than 7 days old results to?

A

✓ severe diarrhea
✓ weight loss
✓ high mortality

55
Q

what should we feed 2 week old and older pigs?

A

starch and cereal

56
Q

piglets can be given __________ as early as 7 days old

A

21-24% CP

57
Q

should be offered in small quantities several times daily to make sure that the feeds remain fresh

A

pre-starter diets

58
Q

due to to disease in young pigs are constant risk maintaining herd health to assure profitability

A

economic and death losses

59
Q

play a significant role in a disease prevention

A

animal husbandry practices, building design and nutrition

60
Q

a combination of proper use ___________ that reduce disease spread will lead to both profitable pork production for producer and safe meat nutrient for consumers

A

✓ antibacterial for treatment
✓ vaccines for prevention
✓ improved husbandry program

61
Q

common post- farrowing problems

A

✓ MMA syndrome
✓ Post- farrowing paralysis
✓ Retained placenta
✓ Vagina/uterine prolapse
✓ dystocia

62
Q

diarrhea in piglets

A

✓ Escherichia coli
✓ TGE virus

63
Q

described as the period on the day of weaning until the day they are transferred to the fattening unit

A

rearing period

64
Q

rearing period takes ___________ or when the pigs are around ___________.

A

30 days or 15-20 kgs live weight

65
Q

piglets are commonly weaned at the age of?

A

4-5 weeks or 28-35 days

66
Q

Note!

A

commonly suggested that piglets be weaned by weight not by date

67
Q

a stronger, heavier piglet has;

A

✓ better immunity levels
✓ a mature digestive system
✓ more ability to withstand pen temperature

68
Q

Sanitation

A

✓ manure is scraped
✓ pen is washed with water
✓ feeders are cleaned and disinfected
✓ heat lamps are checked

69
Q

each weaner pig requires ________ for raised deck are ________.

A

0.23 square meter
0.33 square meter for concrete floor

70
Q

mount the nipple drinker ___________ so that they have to raise their heads when the drink.

A

5 cm above the pigs shoulders

71
Q

If you are running a fattener operation, stress is common to newly purchased pigs such as;

A

✓ fatigue
✓ hunger
✓ thirst
✓ temperature changes
✓ ration changes
✓ fighting
✓ diseases

72
Q

one of the most stressful periods in the life of young pigs

A

weaning

73
Q

diarrhea of weaners

A

✓ non-infected diarrhea/post weaning diarrhea
✓ edema disease/gut edema

74
Q

non-infected diarrhea/post weaning diarrhea

A

✓ environment
✓ social stress
✓ nutrition

75
Q

arthritis

A

✓ streptococcal arthritis
✓ mycoplasma arthritis

ZOOTH 318: Swine Production (8 decks)

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