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Chemistry NEET > The Solid State > Flashcards

The Solid State Flashcards

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1
Q

We need solids with widely different properties(as conductors, as none conductors, as polymers etc).These properties depend upon? How we can discover solids with better properties?

A

The nature of constituent and binding forces between them, that gives particular structure.means properties of solids depend on structure of solids.Thats why study of structure of solids is imp and correlate it with properties to discover new solids.

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2
Q

How the structure of solids is diff from fluids.what explains rigidity of solids?

A

In solids the constituent particles have fixed positions and can oscillate only about their mean positions.

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3
Q

What is the basic feature of crystalline solid?

A

The constituent particles are arranged in regular patterns.

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4
Q

Why solids have various types of structure(fundamental not chair table type)

A

Different possible arrangements of particles.

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5
Q

Under a given set of conditions of temp and pressure , a substance can be solid,gas or liquid as their stable state depending on?

A

Net effect of intermolecular interaction and thermal energy.

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6
Q

What happens to a substance at very low temp?

A

At low temp, thermal energy is low and intermolecular forces bring them so close that constituent particles cling to one another and occupy fixed positions.these particles can oscillate about their mean position, and substance exist as solid.

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7
Q

Solids can be divided into which types based on the nature of order present in the arrangement is their constituent particles.

A

Amorphous-short range order-irregular patter

Crystalline -long range order-regular pattern

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8
Q

Examples of crystalline solid

A

NaCl And quartz

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9
Q

Example of amorphous solid

A

Quartz glass, plastics, rubber

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10
Q

Difference between melting points of amorphous and crystalline solids

A

Amorphous -have a range of temperature over which it melts and softens,this these solids can be blended into various shapes
Crystalline-have sharp melting point

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11
Q

Can amorphous solids be converted into crystalline , how?example?

A

On heating , at some point.

Some ancient glass have become milky due to crystallization.

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12
Q

How amorphous solids and liquids related?

A

They both have tendency to flow.

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13
Q

Which solid is anisotropic and which is isotropic and why?

A

Crystalline-anisotropic -diff arrangement of particles in diff direction
Amorphous -isotropic-similarly irregular arrangement in all directions

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14
Q

Which solid have definite shape and which has irregular shape?

A

Crystalline-definite

Amorphous -irregular

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15
Q

Cleavage property of two solids

A

Amorphous -shows irregular surfaces when cut

Crystalline-shows plain and smooth surfaces when cut with sharp edges tool

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16
Q

Which solid has definite and characteristic heat of fusion?

A

Crystalline

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17
Q

Which solids are called pseudo solids or super cooled liquids

A

Amorphous

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18
Q

Which solid is the best photovoltaic material available?

A

Amorphous silicon

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19
Q

All metallic ,none metallic and compounds belongs to which solid

A

Crystalline

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20
Q

Classification of crystalline solids on the basis of nature of intermolecular forces of interaction operating in them?

A

Molecular
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent

21
Q

What are the constituent particles of molecular solids, also tell exception.

A

Molecules

Atoms in case of non polar molecular solids ex argon and helium

22
Q

What are the three types of molecular solids

A

None polar molecular solids
Polar molecular solids
Hydrogen bonded molecular solids

23
Q

What are the constituent particles of non polar molecular solids

A

Atoms in argon or helium or

molecules formed by non polar covalent bond like H2,Cl2 and I2 etc.

24
Q

What type of intermolecular interactions are seen in nonpolar molecular solids

A

Weak Dispersion forces or London forces

25
Q

What are the constituent particles of polar molecular slids

A

Molecules formed by polar covalent bond like HCl, SO2 etc

26
Q

What type of intermolecular forces actin polar molecular solids

A

Dipole dipole interactions

27
Q

Whose melting point is higher, polar molecular solids or non polar molecular solids?

A

Polar molecular solids

28
Q

What are the constituent particles of hydrogen bonded molecular solids

A

Molecules having polar covalent bonds between H and F, 0 or N

29
Q

Which physical property of hydrogen bonded molecular solids is different from other two types of molecular soilds

A

They are volatile liquids or soft solids at room temp and pressure

30
Q

How are ionic solids formed?by which interaction?

A

By the 3D arrangement of anions and cations bound by strong coulombic(electrostatic) forces.

31
Q

What is the physical nature and properties if ionic solids?

A

Brittle and hard

High melting and boiling point

32
Q

In which state and when are ionic solids conductors?

A

In molten state or when dissolved in water.

In these states ions are free to move about not in solid state

33
Q

Structurally how are metallic solids

A

Orderly collection of positive ions surrounded by and held together by a sea of free electrons

34
Q

What causes thermal and electrical conductivity in metallic solids

A

Free electrons

35
Q

What causes lustre and colour in metallic solids

A

Free electrons

36
Q

What are covalent or network solids

A

Solids of non metals that result from the formation of covalent bonds between adjacent atoms throughout the crystal.

37
Q

What is giant molecule?

A

Crystal of network or covalent solids are called giant molecules because they are formed by covalent bonds throughout the crystal

38
Q

Why covalent or network solids are very hard and brittle

A

Due to covalent bonds throughout the crystal.because covalent bonds are(covalent bonding as intermolecular bonding is very strong as compared to other intermolecular interactions such as dipole dipole,h bonding,electrostatic etc because covalent bonds are usually used as chenical bonding basically to make molecules if we use this strong bonding between two molecules also this creates very very strong a giant molecule type structure) strong and directional.

39
Q

Why covalent solids are insulators ?

A

Because all the electrons are involved in covalent bonding ,there are no free electrons and can’t come out even in molten state or in water.

40
Q

Why graphite being an covalent solid a conductor of electricity and soft in nature?

A

Due to their exceptional structure, carbon atoms are arranged in different layers each carbon atom is bonded to three adjacent atoms and fourth valence electron is free to move about between layers which cause electricity conduction.diff layers can slide over one another which causes softness.

41
Q

What is the length of bonds in giant molecule/crystal of diamond?

A

154pm

42
Q

What is the length of carbon carbon bond and bond between two layers in graphite

A

C - C bond-141.5 pm

Between layers-340 pm

43
Q

Which crystalline solids are conductors?

A

Metallic solids and graphite*exceptional of covalent solids.

44
Q

Examples of covalent solids

A

Diamond,silicon carbide,SiO2(quartz),AlN,graphite

45
Q

Which solids are hard but malleable and ductile

A

Metallic solids

46
Q

Which solids are hard and brittle

A

Ionic solids

47
Q

What type of solid CCl4 is?

A

Non polar molcular solid

48
Q

What type of solid CO2 is

A

Non polar molecular solid

Chemistry NEET (1 decks)

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