The Sociological Approach - Keywords Flashcards
Sociology
the study of society
Socialisation
The process by which individuals learn the values norms and culture of society
Deviance
when people go against or don’t conform to social norms and values
Gender
culturally created differences between men and women which are learnt through socialisation
Conformity
when people adhere to social norms and values
Values (give example)
Beliefs about what is right or wrong in a particular society which sets standards that should be maintained. E.g. privacy, respect for human life.
Norms (give example)
Provide guidelines on appropriate and expected behaviour in society. They are enforced by sanctions. E.g. - people are expected to stay quiet in the cinema watching a film.
Culture (give example)
The way of life of a particular group of people, such as students. E.g. - certain languags, beliefs, norms/values
Society
A large community of people with some degree of social order
Sex
Biological differences between men and women
Gender roles
Distinct sets of behaviours and norms prescribed by society for men and women
Patriarchy
A system where males dominate in every area of society
Social structures (give example)
The different parts or institutions that make up society, such as: families, educations and stratification systems
Social control
The techniques and startegies for preventing deviant human behaviour in any society
Sanctions
Rewards or punishments to those who conform to or break the rules
Stratification
The arrangement or classification of something into different groups
Social processes (give example)
Processes in society that involve interaction between individuals, groups and social structures. Eg. the process of socialisation involves interactions between individuals, groups and social structures such as families and education.
Social mobility
Movements of individuals or groups up or down the social hierarchy from one social class to another
Social cohesion
The idea that people in society should have a shared set of values and attitudes that help to untie society and to bring people together
Value consensus
A general agreement around the main values and norms of any society
Ideology
A set of ideas, values and beliefs that represent the outlook and justifies the interests of a certain group
Anomie
A situation of normlssness in which the norms that regulate pople’s behaviour break down
