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History > The Slave Trade Britain 1750-1900 > Flashcards

The Slave Trade Britain 1750-1900 Flashcards

0
Q

Triangle of Trade: What was un/loaded at Europe?

A

Raw materials unloaded

Manufactured goods loaded

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1
Q

What was the order of the Triangle of Trade?

A
  1. Europe –> 2. African Coast –> 3. West Indies
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2
Q

Triangle of Trade: What was un/loaded at the African Coast?

A

Cargo and manufactured goods unloaded
In exchange for
Slaves which were loaded

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3
Q

Triangle of Trade: What was un/loaded in the West Indies?

A

Slaves unloaded

Raw materials loaded

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4
Q

What was Africa like before C18?

A

Skilled, knowledgeable, vibrant, independent

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5
Q

When was the slave trade at its height?

A

Around 1750

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6
Q

At around 1964, how many slaves did British ships transport a year?

A

50,000

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7
Q

What percentage of the slave trade did Liverpool transport?

A

25%

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8
Q

Overall how many slaves were transported across the Atlantic?

A

10 million

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9
Q

European settlers set up colonies in America + West Indies from…?

A

1500

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10
Q

Why did they transport and need slaves?

A

The climate was very hot and they were fair skinned and weren’t used to the heat but Africans were.
Many people were needed to work on the plantations and there weren’t enough.

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11
Q

What were produced at the plantations?

A

Cotton
Sugar
Tobacco

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12
Q

What were the sugar canes cut with?

A

Maschettes

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13
Q

How were the slaves captured and taken?

A
  • African tribal leaders would capture them (most were in debt or had committed crimes but some innocent)
  • African dealers held them in prisons by Coast and sold to Europeans in exchange for goods
  • Most prisoners from the West
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14
Q

How long was the journey across the Middle Way?

A

2-3 months

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15
Q

Up to how many slaves were crammed into the ships and why?

A

700 slaves to save time and money?

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16
Q

How were they ordered and placed into the ship?

A

Tight as possible, 45cm each, chained side by side on ships

17
Q

What did they do to infected slaves and why?

A

Threw them overboard to claim insurance and to prevent diseases spreading

18
Q

Quotes about horrific state of Middle Way ships?

A

‘smell a slave ship 5 miles downwind’

‘Resembled a slaughterhouse’

19
Q

What’s did they do during the final days?

A

Fattened like cattle, disguised sores with gunpowder, oiled the, so looked healthy

20
Q

What did they feed them?

A

Mostly biscuits which went mouldy or had flies

21
Q

How long did the slaves work?

A

Sunrise to nightfall

22
Q

Who worked as slaves?

A

Everybody (children picked weeds)

23
Q

What groups were the slaves put into?

A

Gangs. 1st gangs were for well-built men. Hardest work
2nd and 3rd were weakest and has lighter work.
Overseers were promoted slaves or white trash (poor whites)

24
Q

How were slaves treated?

A

Back-breaking work, whipped, field slaves. Runaways hanged, sold off, ears chopped off

25
Q

Slaves leisure?

A

Religious services in woods, sang, danced, stories

26
Q

What were the two acts about the abolition of slavery?

A

1807- The act abolishing the slave trade

1833- The act abolishing slavery in the British Empire

27
Q

What were the four factors that influenced the abolition of slavery?

A

Middle class white people, agitated working people, slaves, economy

28
Q

Who were the main middle class white people who influenced abolition of slavery?

A

Granville Sharp- Saw badly beaten Jonathan Strong seeking medical help. Took him to hospital before J.S captured, taken back to old master. G.S went court and won.
William Wilberforce- influential+distinguished, MP, Quaker, made many speeches. Quaker+anti-slavery people formed group to abolish.
Clarkson- Collected evidence+info to show parliament. Petition success 1807
Josiah Wedgwood- Made persuasive plaques ‘Am I not a man and a brother’

29
Q

What did William Wilberforce and Clarkson do together?

A

Founded society for abolition of slavery in May 1787. Interviewed 20000 sailors about barbarity .

30
Q

What were the main petitions signed by the working people?

A

1788- demanding abolition of slavery 10,000+ signed in Manchester
1792- 20,000 signed in Manchester out of 75,000 who signed
1814- 1.5million signed

31
Q

Why were the working people against slavery?

A

Getting less money as slaves taking their jobs

32
Q

Other than petitions, what else did the working people do?

A

Public meetings to parliament+government

Helped Quakers

33
Q

Why did people start listening to working people?

A

Didn’t want a revolution like France so rich people took notice.

34
Q

Who were the main two slaves that influenced the abolition of slavery?

A

Olaudah Equiano and Mary Prince (wrote book)

35
Q

What did Olaudah Equiano do and why/how did people listen/notice him?

A

Book explaining horrific slavery

Women hired him for lectures, entertainment. Usually husbands of MPs so word would spread to government and parliament

36
Q

Where would slaves run off to?

A

Britain+claimed freedom as laws not clear
Jamaica and became Maroons
San Domingo/St Dominique (ruled by Toussaint L’Ouverture)

37
Q

Why was the abolition of slavery delayed?

A

Political+international issues

Slave revolt in San Domingo 1791 French war 1793

38
Q

What else did the slaves do to help the abolition?

A

Passive resistance- pretended to be sick, broke tools, let animals loose
Violent resistance- 1712 rebellions

39
Q

What happened to the economy which influenced the abolition?

A

1770s onwards- West Indies became more expensive compared to Cuba and Brazil
Sugar became more expensive in British plantations
Demand of slaves went down:
1771- 2728 slaves imported in Barbados
1772- 0 imported in Barbados
Adam Smith- to get a lot out of people, they have to want to work- it’s cheaper that way’

40
Q

Why was the economy falling?

A

Slaves were resisting and rebelling

History (1 decks)

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