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Arctic > The Skin CMR > Flashcards

The Skin CMR Flashcards

1
Q

skin weight

A

10 pounds

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1
Q

skin average surface area

A

20 sq ft

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2
Q

four categories of skin function

A
  1. protection
  2. sensation
  3. temp regulation
  4. metabolic function
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3
Q

skin function: protection

A

barrier from pathogens, chemicals, physical insults, radiation, and elements. Almost entirely waterproof.

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4
Q

skin function: sensation

A

collection of sensory data; general sensory afferent nerve endings in skin provide sensations you feel when you cut or pinch a finger, touch a hot surface, etc. nerve endings are sensitive to pain, pressure, and temp

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4
Q

Skin function: temp regulation/water ret
to help warm you up . . .

A

blood vessels constrict, reducing blood flow to outer skin, retaining warmth.

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4
Q

Skin function: temp regulation/water ret
to help cool you down . . .

A
  1. blood vessels dilate in skin, increasing blood flow to skins surface, allowing heat to escape
  2. sweat glands in the skin increase their secretions, providing cooling as sweat evaporates on the surface.
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4
Q

regular body temp

A

98.6 F (37 C)

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5
Q

skin function: metabolic

A
  1. synethesis of dehydrocholesterol -UV-> previt D -> vit D
  2. abosrption of medications
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6
Q

deficiency in vit D causes

A

deformities of rickets, increased risk for osteoporosis

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7
Q

3 distinct regions of the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutis

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8
Q

external, thinner region of the skin

A

epidermis

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8
Q

inner, thicker region of the skin

A

dermis

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9
Q

fat layer of the skin

A

subcutis

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10
Q

beneath the subcutis is

A

adipose tissue that binds to muscle

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11
Q

derm/o meaning, darmat/o. cutane/o

A

skin

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12
Q

epidermis

A

thin, outer region of the skin made up of dense stratified squamous epithelial tissue. usually in 4 strata.

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13
Q

4 strata of the epidermis

A
  1. strata corneum
  2. strata granulosum
  3. stratum spinosum
  4. stratum germinativum
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14
Q

in psoriasis, which layer is thickened?

A

epidermis

15
Q

outermost layer of the epidermis, serves as an important mechanical barrier to the external environment. composed of dead flattened cells that have undergone keratinization, and contains keratin, which resists abrasion and forms thick protective layers on skin surfaces subject to friction.

A

stratum corneum

16
Q

waterproof protein found in the cytoplasm in stratum corneum

A

keratin

17
Q

calluses are thick areas of

A

keratinized cells

18
Q

horny layer of skin

A

stratum corneum

19
Q

deepest portion of the stratum corneum

A

stratum lucidum

20
Q

stratum lucidum

A

part of the stratum corneum, thin, translucent layer found in skin of soles, fingertips, and palms.

21
Q

second-most superficial layer of epidermis

A

stratum granulosum

22
Q

stratum granulosum

A

second-most superficial layer; composed of cells with large, visible granules in cytoplasm. these elongated, rectangular cells contain keratohyalin, which contributes to keratinizations

23
Q

stratum spinosum

A

third-most superficial layer; composed of 8-10 layers of polygonal cells attached to neighboring cells by intercellular bridges (spiny appearance). this is the midportion of the epidermis, cells closer to the surface of this layer become flattened

24
Q

third-most superficial layer of epidermis

A

stratum spinosum

25
Q

basal cell layer

A

stratum germinativum

26
Q

stratum germinativum

A

single layer of mitotically active columnar cells, which produce new cells at the same rate at which older keratinized cells are sloughed off, thus maintaining a balance. also contains melanocytes, responsible for melanin pigment

27
Q

how many days does it take to replace skin cells/

A

28

28
Q

melanin function

A

protects DNA, the dermis, and deeper tissues

29
Q

Skin type I color, photoreactive description

A

pale, always burns, never tans

30
Q

Skin type II color, photoreactive description

A

white, burns easily and tans minimally

31
Q

Skin type III color, photoreactive description

A

white (average), sometimes burns mildly, tans uniformly to light brown

32
Q

Skin type IV color, photoreactive description

A

beige/lightly tan; burns minimally, always tans well to moderately brown

33
Q

Skin type V color, photoreactive description

A

moderately brown/tan; rarely burns, tans easily to dark brown

34
Q

Skin type VI color, photoreactive description

A

dark brown/black; never burns, deeply pigmented

35
Q

dermis

A

thicker, underlying region of the skin. composed of fibrous, irregularly arranged connective tissue. in contrast to the epidermis, the dermis is rich in blood vessels and nerve endings, as well as skin appendages, hair follicles, eccrine sweat ducts, glands, and sebaceous oil glands

36
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

papillary (upper), reticular layer)

37
Q

papillary layer

A

upper dermis; consists of papillae arranged in ridges, fingerprints, footprints, etc

38
Q

reticular layer

A

lower dermis; tough, white collagenous fibers that provide durability. yellow elastin fibers provide tension and elasticity

39
Q

stretch marks from pregnancy/obesity are found in what layer

A

elastic fibers, reduced skin fat/collagen, esp in chronic UV exposure; changes in the reticular layer

40
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

beneath the skin, loose connective tissue and adipose tissue that contains collagenous fibers that extend from the dermis into the subq tissue and over muscles or bone to firmly attach the 2 structures.

41
Q

the skin is considered an organ because it

A

consists of multiple structures working as a unit to perform critical/complex functions

Arctic (12 decks)

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