The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Seconday lesion

A

evolves from pirmary skin lesion, (i.e crust of chicken pox) or can be because of scratching or infection

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2
Q

distribution

A

refers to where on the body the lesions are found (e.g., hands, face, trunk, flexor or extensor surfaces).

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3
Q

3 layers of skin

A
  1. epidermis
  2. dermis
  3. subcutaneous
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4
Q

vellus hair

A

short, fine, inconspicuous and usually unpigmented (peach fuzz).

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5
Q

terminal hair

A

Terminal hair – coarser, thicker and pigmented. Example: - scalp, eyebrows, pubic region.

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6
Q

Three phases of hair

A

Catagen phase – transitional phase – 3%
Telogen phase – resting phase – 10-15%
Anagen phase – Growing phase – 85-90%

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7
Q

clubbing of nails

A

rounding of the nail, soft and spongy

Etiologies: 
Congenital  
****Chronic hypoxia*** (i.e. ventricular, septal defect, severe COPD)
Heart disease
Lung cancer
Hepatic cirrhosis

_ people are also ashen appearing and cyanotic

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8
Q

Psoriasis

A
  • small pits in the nails, may be due to cirrohsis
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9
Q

Mee’s lines

A

discolored lines, due to traumatic event such as illness or metabolic event

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10
Q

Beau’s lines

A

interruption of growth of nail, appears as an indent

- may follow surgery or metabolic illness

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11
Q

what causes color in skin? brown, yellow, red, blue?

A

brown: melanin
yellow: carotene, bilirubin (jaundice)
red: carboxyhemoglobin (CO poisoning), polycythemia (increased RBC counts)

bluish-red: de-oxyhemoglobin (cyanosis)

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12
Q

melanocytes

A

cells containing melanin in organelles called melanosomes. The cells migrate outward to the epidermis.

  • albinos: melanin is absent
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13
Q

mobility and turgor

A

not ease with which skin lifts up - mobility

- note speed which which it returns to place (turgor)

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14
Q

important flexor surfaces?

A

back of knees, back of neck, back of elbows

- atopic dermatitis is seen here

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15
Q

extensory surface

A

extensors of elbow and knee

  • cirrihosis
  • syphillis (palms of hands)
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16
Q

macule

A

small flat spot, less than 1.0 cm

  • benign, loss of melanocytes, not much for treatments
    i. e Vitiligo
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17
Q

patch

A

flat spot or lesion greater than 1.0 cm

i.e. cafe-au-lait spots, looks like little stains of coffee (associated with tumerosclerosis)

18
Q

papule

A

raised lesion up to 1.0 cm, reddened

i.e. psoriasis

19
Q

plaque

A

raised lesion greater than 1.0 cm

i.e. psoriasis

20
Q

nodule

A

firm, hard lesion, deeper than a papule, less than 1/2 cm

21
Q

cyst

A

nodule filled with material, liquid or semi-solid - often encapsulated

i.e. inclusion cyst on face, caused by blocked sebaceous gland

22
Q

vesicles

A

fluid filled lesions, less than 1.0 cm
- single or in clusters

i.e. herpes zoster virus, found in dermatome skin patches

23
Q

bulla

A

fluid filled lesion greater than 1.0 cm

i.e. insect bite

24
Q

wheal

A

superficial localized area of skin, blanche with pressure
* these are vascular lesions*

i.e. urticaria

25
pustule
open lesions filled with pus i.e. acne
26
scale
flaking of dead exfoliated epidermis
27
crust
dried residue of skin exudates such as serum, pus or blood i.e. impetigo (responds to systemic antibiotics)
28
lichenification
thickening of skin from rubbing or scratching - often seen in flexing
29
excoriation
linear erosions caused by scratching - Koebner phenomena: skin trauma from scratching may cause new lesions - i.e. spreading of poison oak from scratching
30
fissure
linear crack in skin i.e. tinea pedis
31
ulcer
a deeper loss of dermis
32
patterns/different shapes?
``` linear cluster geographic (irregular) serpiginous heliotrope = around eyes annular ```
33
what is KOH used for?
use for looking for yeast infections (KOH destroys skin and you see the yeast cells)
34
gram staining
looking for bacteria - used for pustule chains of + cocci = staph bunches of + cocci = strep
35
Tzanck smear
used to look for herpes - will see multi-nucleated giant cells
36
Oil mount
used for looking for Scabei mite from skin scraping | - used for looking for parasites
37
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- 80% of the skin cancers - Arise from the basal layer of the epidermis - Grow slowly, rarely metastasize - “rodent ulcer” - curable Pearl white, domed shaped papule with telangiectasias. Center can ulcerate, “rodent ulcer”.
38
Squamous cell Carcinoma
- 16% of the skin cancers - Arise from the upper layer of the epidermis - Can metastasize if left untreated - more aggressive, treated with simple excision - can look crusty and scaley, not pearly - Commonly found on head, neck or hands. May develop from a precursor actinic keratoses
39
malignant melanoma
- 4% of the skin cancers - Arise from melanocytes - Can spread rapidly and metastasize, any organ, including the brain and heart - Can have high mortality rates - Risk, 1 in 90 - Fair skinned at higher risk, excessive sun exposure - May require deforming surgery
40
ABCDE screening for melanoma
Asymmetry irregular borders: ragged, notched or blurred color, especially blue or black Diameter: greater than 6 mm of different from others, especially changing, itching or bleeding Elevation or enlargment