The Skin

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the skin ?

Answer 1

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous Layer

Question 2

What are the 5 layers of the Epidermis ?

Answer 2

• Horny Layer
• Clear Layer
• Granular Layer
• Prickle Layer
• Basal Layer

Question 3

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis in Latin ?

Answer 3

• Stratum Corneum
• Stratum Lucidum
• Stratum Granulosum
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum Germativium

Question 4

What is found in the Dermis Layer of the skin ?

Answer 4

• Collagen
• Elastin
• Oxygen & nutrients
• Appendages

Question 5

What are the 2 layers of the Dermis ?

Answer 5

• Papillary Layer
• Reticular Layer

Question 6

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 6

• Sensation
• Heat Regulation
• Absorption
• Protection
• Excretion
• Secretion
• Vitamin D Production

Question 7

What affects the skin ?

Answer 7

• UV Rays
• Alcohol / Smoking
• Exercise Levels
• Diet
• Medical / Recreational Drugs
• Stress
• Sleep Pattern
• Amount of Water Consumed
• Products used on the skin
• Hormones
• Poor Care of Skin
• Immune System

Question 8

What is the Acid Mantle ?

Answer 8

It acts as a barrier to bacteria, viruses & other potential contaminants. It’s made up of natural oils, sweat & dead skin cells.

Question 9

What are Meloninocytes & what do they produce ?

Answer 9

Melaninocytes produce melanin.

Question 10

What is Hyper-Pigmentation?

Answer 10

Darker patches of the skin known as Chloasma.

Question 11

What is Melanin ?

Answer 11

Melanin changes the colour of your hair & skin. They protect the skin against Ultra Violet Radiation.

Question 12

Functions of the Dermis.

Answer 12

• Protection
• Removes waste products
• Provides shape
• Contributes to skin colour
• Regulation of body temperature
• Skin sensations

Question 13

What are ‘Fibroblasts’ ?

Answer 13

They are important to tissue repair following tissue damage. They produce important proteins : Collagen & Elastin.

Question 14

What is Collagen ?

Answer 14

A protein. It hold everything in place- acts as scaffolding. From the ages of 20 - 24, you start to lose the Collagen Cells.

Question 15

What contributes to Skin Dehydration?

Answer 15

• Outdoor Environment
• Hot Showers & Baths
• Air Conditioning
• Harsh Chemicals & Skin Care
• Poor Diet

Question 16

How do you reduce Skin Dehydration?

Answer 16

• Increasing water intake
• Using products suitable for dehydrated skin
• Reducing the amount of alcohol consumed

Question 17

What are the functions of the Epidermis ?

Answer 17

• Protecting the body from the environment, particularly the sun.
• Preventing excessive water loss from the body.
• Preventing the body from infection.

Question 18

What are Langerhan Cells ?

Answer 18

Special defence cells, spread out amongst the Keratinocytes. They mop up invading substances found in the body & take them to special white blood cells called Lymphocytes.

Question 19

What are Keratinocytes?

Answer 19

They produce Keratin, an insoluble protein. They also form a barrier between an organism & it’s environment.

Question 20

What are Glylosaminoycans ?

Answer 20

They are water bonding substances
Attract water to the skin

Question 21

What are Mast Cells ?

Answer 21

They secrete histamine
The Mast Cells will create an allergic reaction ( you would take an antihistamine )

Question 22

What is Histamine ?

Answer 22

A chemical released by a variety of tissue cells. The release of histamine causes Vasodilation to bring more blood to the area of injury or infection.