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Anatomy and Physiology > The Skeleton System > Flashcards

The Skeleton System Flashcards

1
Q

Two most common minerals in the body

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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2
Q

Bone Healing step one

A

Hematoma

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3
Q

Bone healing step two

A

Fibrocartilage callus

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4
Q

Bone healing step three

A

boney callus

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5
Q

Bone healing step four

A

Remodeling

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6
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spots

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7
Q

Ossification

A

Process of bone formation

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8
Q

Sutures

A

Fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull

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9
Q

Proximal Epiphysis & Distal Epiphysis

A

End of long bone/covered in a thin layer of compact bone

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10
Q

Diaphysis

A

SHAFT of long bone/most of bones length/compact bone

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11
Q

Articular cartilage

A

The end of the epiphysis/made of hyaline cartilage/decreases friction

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12
Q

Spongey bone

A

Less dense, inner part of bone tissue

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13
Q

Epiphyseal line/plate

A

(Growth plate) made of hyaline cartilage in young growing bone/at maturity the cartilage turns to bone and line remains

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

Remaining exterior bone surfaces/connective tissue membrane/blood vessels and nerves

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15
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense and hard outer layer of bone tissue

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16
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Cavities within the diaphysis and epiphysis are filled with yellow (fat) and red marrow (blood forming cells)

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17
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage-(supports vital organs)

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18
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Limbs (arms and legs) and their associated girdles (shoulder and pelvic)- (facilitating movement and locomotion.)

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19
Q

Long bones

A

Femur and humerus

20
Q

Short bones

A

Scaphoid and talus

21
Q

Flat

A

Frontal and sternum

22
Q

Irregular

A

Vertebral and facial

23
Q

Vertebrae (labeled)

A
24
Q

Spinous process

A

(Middle connection)

25
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

(Middle circle) the opening in the center of a vertebra through which the spinal cord passes.

26
Q

Body of vertebrae

A

The larger part of the vertebrae

27
Q

Transverse Process

A

(The two other connections. Left and right to the middle) a bony projection on each side of a vertebra.

28
Q

Central (Haversian) canal

A

Runs LENGTHWISE through bone and carries blood vessels and nerves. ( | )

29
Q

Volkmann’s canal

A

Runs PERPENDICULAR to the central (Haversian) canal, and Carrie’s blood vessels and nerves.

30
Q

Osteon

A

The basic structural unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric rings of bone tissue called lamellae surrounding a central (Haversian) canal.

31
Q

Osteocyte

A

Mature bone cell

32
Q

Osteoclast

A

Destroy bone cell

33
Q

Osteoblast

A

Build bone cell

34
Q

Scoliosis

A

abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, often forming an “S” or “C” shape.

35
Q

Kyphosis

A

(Posterior curves) an excessive outward curvature of the spine, leading to a rounded or hunched back posture, often seen in the thoracic region.

36
Q

Lordosis

A

(Anterior curves) an excessive inward curvature of the spine, creating an exaggerated arch, typically observed in the cervical or lumbar regions.

37
Q

Green stick fracture

A

(Incomplete)/partially breaks

38
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

(Many pieces)/multiple fragments

39
Q

Spiral fracture

A

(Spiral staircase)/twisting/spiraling patterns

40
Q

Open fracture -(compound fracture)

A

(Through skin)

41
Q

Closed Fracture

A

(In place)doesn’t pierce through skin

42
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of one or more joints, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced joint mobility.

43
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Characterized by weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures due to loss of bone density and strength.

44
Q

Dislocation

A

Occurs when the ends of two connected bones are forced out of their usual positions at a joint, causing pain and loss of joint function.

45
Q

Sprain

A

An injury to a ligament, the tissue that connects bones to each other at a joint, often caused by overstretching or tearing, resulting in pain and swelling.

46
Q

Yellow marrow

A

(fat)/ yellow marrow is found in medullary cavity in adults

47
Q

Red marrow

A

(blood forming cells)- in adults red marrow Is found in spongey bone not medullary cavity like children.

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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