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The Skeleton (Chapter 19) > The Skeleton: Key Terms > Flashcards

The Skeleton: Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

articulation

A

a joint

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2
Q

atlas

A

the first cervical vertebra

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3
Q

axis

A

the second cervical vertebra

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4
Q

bone

A

a calcified form of dense connective tissue; osseous tissue; also an individual unit of the skeleton made such tissue

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5
Q

bone marrow

A

the soft material that fills bone cavities. Yellow marrow fills the center cavity of the long bones; blood cells are formed in red bone marrow, which is located in spongy bone tissue

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6
Q

burse

A

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint

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7
Q

cartilage

A

a type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. It is the precursor to most bone tissue.

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8
Q

diarthrosis

A

a freely movable joint; also called a synovial joint

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9
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft of a long bone

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10
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

the growth region of a long bone, located in the metaphysis, between the diaphysis and the epiphysis. When bone growth ceases, this area appears as the epiphyseal line.

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11
Q

epiphysis

A

the irregularly shaped end of a long bone

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12
Q

ilium

A

the large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone

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13
Q

joint

A

the junction between two bones; articulation

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14
Q

ligament

A

a strong band of connective tissue that joins one bone to another

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15
Q

metaphysis

A

the region of a long bone between the diaphysis (the shaft) and epiphysis (end); during development; the growing region of a long bone

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16
Q

ossification

A

the formation of bone tissue

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17
Q

osteoblast

A

a cell that produces bone tissue

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18
Q

osteoclast

A

a cell that destroys bone tissue

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19
Q

osteocyte

A

a mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue

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20
Q

pelvis

A

the large ring of bone at the inferior trunk. Formed of the two hip bones (ossa coxae) joined to the sacrum and coccyx. Each os coxae is formed of three bones, the superior, flared ilium; ischium; and pubis

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21
Q

periosteum

A

the fibrous membrane that covers a bone’s surface

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22
Q

resorption

A

removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation

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23
Q

skeleton

A

the body’s bone framework, consisting of 206 bones. The axial portion (80 bones) is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton (126 bones) contains the bones of the arms and legs, shoulder girdle, and pelvis

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24
Q

suture

A

an immovable joint, such as the joints between the skull bones

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25
Q

symphysis

A

a slightly movable joint

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26
Q

synovial fluid

A

the fluid contained in a freely movable (diarthrotic joint); synovia

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27
Q

synovial joint

A

a freely movable joint; has a joint cavity containing synovial fluid; a diarthrosis

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28
Q

tendon

A

a fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

29
Q

thorax

A

the upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; formed by the 12 pairs of ribs and sternum

30
Q

acetabulum

A

the bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur

31
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

a chronic, progressive inflammatory disease involving the spinal joints and surrounding soft tissue, most common in young males; also called rheumatoid spondylitis

32
Q

ankylosis

A

immobility and fixation of a joint

33
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

34
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

a malignant tumor of cartilage

35
Q

curvature of the spine

A

an exaggerated spinal curve, such as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphosis

36
Q

DJD

A

Degenerative joint disease: osteoarthritis

37
Q

fracture

A

a break in a bone. In a closed or simple fracture, the broken bone does not penetrate the skin; in an open fracture, there is an accompanying wound in the skin

38
Q

gout

A

a form of acute arthritis, usually beginning in the knee or foot, caused by deposit of uric acid salts in the joints

39
Q

herniated disk

A

protrusion of the center (nucleus pulposus) of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal; ruptures or “slipped” disk

40
Q

kyphosis

A

an exaggerated curve of the spine in the thoracic region; hunchback, humpback

41
Q

lordosis

A

an exaggerated curve of the spine in the lumbar region; swayback

42
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis: progressive deterioration of joint cartilage with growth of new bone and soft tissue in and around the joint; the most common form is arthritis; results from wear and tear, injury, or disease; aka DJD

43
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

a malignant bone tumor; osteosarcoma

44
Q

osteomalacia

A

a softening and weakening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency or other disease

45
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by infection, usually bacterial

46
Q

osteopenia

A

a lower than average bone density, which may foreshadow osteoporosis

47
Q

osteoporosis

A

a ocndition characterized by reduction in bone density, most common in white women past menopause; predisposing factors include poor diet, inactivity, and low estrogen levels

48
Q

Paget disease

A

skeletal disease of the elderly characterized by bone thickening and distortion with bowing of long bones; osteitis deformans

49
Q

Pott disease

A

inflammation of the vertebrae, usually caused by tuberculosis

50
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid arthritis: a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown origin resulting in inflammation of peripheral joints and related structures; more common in women and men

51
Q

rheumatoid factor

A

a group of antibodies found in the blood in cases of RA and other systemic diseases

52
Q

rickets

A

faulty bone formation in children, usually caused by deficiency in Vit D.

53
Q

sciatica

A

severe pain in the leg alone the course of the sciatic nerve, usually related to spinal nerve root irritation

54
Q

scoliosis

A

a sideways curvature of the spine in any region

55
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

a forward displacement of one vertebra over another, “a slipping”

56
Q

spondylolysis

A

degeneration of the articulating portions of a vertebra allowing for spinal distortion, specifically in the lumbar region

57
Q

alkaline phosphotase

A

an enzyme needed in the formation of bone, serum activity of this enzyme is useful in dx

58
Q

arthrocentesis

A

aspiration of fluid from a joint by needle puncture

59
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical immobilization (fusion) of a joint; artificial ankylosis

60
Q

arthroplasty

A

partial or total replacement of a joint with a prosthesis

61
Q

arthroscopy

A

use of an endoscope to examine the interior of a joint or to perform surgery on the joint; the instrument used is an arthroscope

62
Q

diskectomy

A

surgical removal of a herniated disk; discetomy

63
Q

orthopedics

A

the study and tx of disorders of the skeleton, muscles and associated structures

64
Q

reduction of a fracture

A

return of a fractured bone to normal position; may be closed (not requiring surgery) or open (requiring surgery)

65
Q

traction

A

the process of drawing or pulling, such as traction of the head in the treatment of injuries to the cervical vertebrae

66
Q

anti inflammatory agent

A

drug that reduces inflammation; includes steroids, such as hydrocortisone, and non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID)

67
Q

bisphosphonate

A

agent used to prevent and treat osteoporosis; increases bone mass by decreasing bone turnover. Examples: alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel), and ibandronate (Boniva)

68
Q

NSAID

A

non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: drugs that reduce inflammation but is not a steroid; ex: aspirin, ibuprofen, and other inhibition of prostaglandins, naturally produced substances that promote inflammation

69
Q

SERM

A

selective estrogen receptor modulator : drug that acts on estrogen receptors. Other SERMs are used to prevent and treat estrogen-sensitive breast ca

The Skeleton (Chapter 19) (2 decks)

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