The Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 5 types of bones

Answer 1

-Irregular
-Flat
-Long
-Short
-Sesamoid

Question 2

Assessment Criteria

Answer 2

A1- Structure of the skeletal system
A2- Function of the skeletal system
A3- Joints (Structure/Function)
A4- Responses of the skeletal system to a single sport or exercise session
A5- Adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise
A6- Additional factors affecting the skeletal system

Question 3

Major bones

Answer 3

-Cranium -Radius -Sacrum -Tarsals
-Clavicle -Ulna -Coccyx -Metatarsals
-Ribs -Carpals -Femur
-Sternum -Metacarpals -Patella
-Scapula -Phalanges -Tibia
-Humerus -Pelvis -Fibula

Question 4

What are the parts of the Vertebral Column

Answer 4

-(Can)Cervical
-(True)Thoracic
-(Love)Lumbar
-(Still)Sacrum
-(Conquer)Coccyx

Question 5

Anterior meaning

Answer 5

To the front or in front

Question 6

Posterior meaning

Answer 6

To the rear or behind

Question 7

Medial meaning

Answer 7

Towards the middle or axis, an imaginary line drawn down the centre of the body

Question 8

Lateral meaning

Answer 8

Away from the middle axis

Question 9

Proximal meaning

Answer 9

Near to the root or origin (the proximal of the arm is towards the shoulder)

Question 10

Distal meaning

Answer 10

Away from the root or origin (the distal of the arm is towards the hand)

Question 11

Superior meaning

Answer 11

Above

Question 12

Inferior meaning

Answer 12

Below

Question 13

Long bones

Answer 13

-Long bones are found in the limbs
-They have a shaft(Diaphysis)
-They have two expanded ends(Epiphysis)
-these bones are slightly curved for strength, which helps absorb stress on the body
-They act as a lever for movement
(e.g. The Femur)

Question 14

Short bones

Answer 14

-Strong cube shaped bones to help absorb impact
-They are equal in length and width
-There is no cavity
-Compact together to help with strength and weightbearing
(e.g. Carpals)

Question 15

Flat bones

Answer 15

-Thin, flattened and slightly curved with a large surface area
-They protect internal organs
-They are an area for muscle to attach to
(e.g. Cranium)

Question 16

Irregular bones

Answer 16

-They have complex shapes and individual functions
-They have spiny projections and canals running through them
-The spiny projections are attachment points for muscles
(e.g. Vertebrae)

Question 17

Sesamoid bones

Answer 17

-Formed inside the tendon of a muscle that crosses a joint
-Located in a tendon where there is a lot of friction, tension and stress
(e.g. The Patella)

Question 18

Axial and Appendicular

Answer 18

The axial skeleton is the main core or axis of your skeleton, Appendicular consists of bones attached to the axial skeleton

Question 19

Skeleton types

Answer 19

-Appendicular Skeleton

-Axial Skeleton

Question 20

What is the axial skeleton

Answer 20

-the main core or axis of your skeleton:

-Protects the vital organs

Parts:
-The Skull (Cranium + Facial bones)
-The Thoracic Cage (Sternum + Ribs)
-The Vertebral Column

Question 21

What is the Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 21

-Consists of bones attached to the axial skeleton

-The upper limbs consist of: 60 bones (30 in each arm)
-The lower limbs consist of: 60 bones (30 in each leg)
-The shoulder girdle consists of: 2 clavicles and 2 scapulae which connect the limbs of the upper body to the thorax
-Pelvic girdle = 3 bones: The ilium, pubis and ischium these fuse together with age and are collectively known as the innominate bones
Main Function: provide a solid base to transmit weight of the upper body and provide attachment for the powerful lower back and leg muscles, it also protects the digestive and reproductive organs

Question 22

State the function of Long, Short and Flat bones

Answer 22

Long: Provide leverage for movement / provide strength, structure and movement / red blood cell production

Short: Weightbearing / provide support and stability

Flat: Protection and / or provide a large surface area for muscle attachment