The Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 types of bones
-Irregular
-Flat
-Long
-Short
-Sesamoid
Assessment Criteria
A1- Structure of the skeletal system
A2- Function of the skeletal system
A3- Joints (Structure/Function)
A4- Responses of the skeletal system to a single sport or exercise session
A5- Adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise
A6- Additional factors affecting the skeletal system
Major bones
-Cranium -Radius -Sacrum -Tarsals
-Clavicle -Ulna -Coccyx -Metatarsals
-Ribs -Carpals -Femur
-Sternum -Metacarpals -Patella
-Scapula -Phalanges -Tibia
-Humerus -Pelvis -Fibula
What are the parts of the Vertebral Column
-(Can)Cervical
-(True)Thoracic
-(Love)Lumbar
-(Still)Sacrum
-(Conquer)Coccyx
Anterior meaning
To the front or in front
Posterior meaning
To the rear or behind
Medial meaning
Towards the middle or axis, an imaginary line drawn down the centre of the body
Lateral meaning
Away from the middle axis
Proximal meaning
Near to the root or origin (the proximal of the arm is towards the shoulder)
Distal meaning
Away from the root or origin (the distal of the arm is towards the hand)
Superior meaning
Above
Inferior meaning
Below
Long bones
-Long bones are found in the limbs
-They have a shaft(Diaphysis)
-They have two expanded ends(Epiphysis)
-these bones are slightly curved for strength, which helps absorb stress on the body
-They act as a lever for movement
(e.g. The Femur)
Short bones
-Strong cube shaped bones to help absorb impact
-They are equal in length and width
-There is no cavity
-Compact together to help with strength and weightbearing
(e.g. Carpals)
Flat bones
-Thin, flattened and slightly curved with a large surface area
-They protect internal organs
-They are an area for muscle to attach to
(e.g. Cranium)
Irregular bones
-They have complex shapes and individual functions
-They have spiny projections and canals running through them
-The spiny projections are attachment points for muscles
(e.g. Vertebrae)
Sesamoid bones
-Formed inside the tendon of a muscle that crosses a joint
-Located in a tendon where there is a lot of friction, tension and stress
(e.g. The Patella)
Axial and Appendicular
The axial skeleton is the main core or axis of your skeleton, Appendicular consists of bones attached to the axial skeleton
Skeleton types
-Appendicular Skeleton
-Axial Skeleton
What is the axial skeleton
-the main core or axis of your skeleton:
-Protects the vital organs
Parts:
-The Skull (Cranium + Facial bones)
-The Thoracic Cage (Sternum + Ribs)
-The Vertebral Column
What is the Appendicular Skeleton
-Consists of bones attached to the axial skeleton
-The upper limbs consist of: 60 bones (30 in each arm)
-The lower limbs consist of: 60 bones (30 in each leg)
-The shoulder girdle consists of: 2 clavicles and 2 scapulae which connect the limbs of the upper body to the thorax
-Pelvic girdle = 3 bones: The ilium, pubis and ischium these fuse together with age and are collectively known as the innominate bones
Main Function: provide a solid base to transmit weight of the upper body and provide attachment for the powerful lower back and leg muscles, it also protects the digestive and reproductive organs
State the function of Long, Short and Flat bones
Long: Provide leverage for movement / provide strength, structure and movement / red blood cell production
Short: Weightbearing / provide support and stability
Flat: Protection and / or provide a large surface area for muscle attachment
