The Skeletal System Flashcards
Long Bones
contains epiphyses (large ends) and diaphysis (long shaft)
examples: femur, radius, phalanges
diaphysis
shaft of long bones that contains compact bone (dense bone) that surrounds the marrow cavity (hollow core)
epiphyses
thin layer of compact bone that surrounds a core of spongy bone (light, porous bone)
short bones
round bones that have a thin layer of compact bone and a core of spongy bone
Examples: wrist, ankles, patella
flat bones
consist of a thin layer of compact bone with a core of spongy bone; flatter shape
Examples: ribs, ilium of pelvis, sternum
irregular bones
does not fit description of other types of bones; varied shapes and surface features; consist of thin layer of compact bone with a core of spongy bone
Examples: vertebrae, scapula (can also be considered flat bone)
distal
far end from main part of body
proximal
close end to main part of body
surface features of bones functions
- connects bones to each other (acts as part of a joint)
- attaches bones and muscles (thru ligaments and tendons)
- pathways for blood vessels and nerves
process
bony projection or prominence
ex: spinous process
condyle
joint (usually hinge joint)
ex: jaw
lateral
off to edge
medial
close to midline of body
epicondyle
on top of condyle, site for muscle attachment; lumps
head
part of a joint; big, round end of bone
ex: head of femur, head of radius (flat part)
trochanter
found only on femur; Greater & Lesser trochanter
tubercle
2 bumps on humerus (Greater and Lesser Trochanter)
tuberosity
found on lateral part of humerus (deltoid tuberosity); connects to deltoid muscle
crest
prominent ridge
ex: iliac crest
fossa
broad, shallow depressed area
ex: iliac fossa
suture
joint between bones where they have fused together to allow for small movements
ex: cranium
foramen
opening/passageway in bones for blood vessels/nerves
ex: obturator foramen (on pelvis)
meatus
opening/passage to the body
ex: external auditory meatus
