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PE - Anatomy and Physiology > The Skeletal and Muscular System > Flashcards

The Skeletal and Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What connects bone to bone?

A

Ligament

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2
Q

What does a tendon do?

A

Connects muscle to bone

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3
Q

What does the sagittal plane do?

A

Splits the body into left and right

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4
Q

What movements are possible in the sagittal plane?

A

Flexion, extension, dorsi-flexion and plantar flexion

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5
Q

What does the frontal plane do?

A

Splits the body into front and back

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6
Q

What movements are possible in the frontal plane?

A

Abduction and adduction

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7
Q

What does the transverse plane do and what movements are possible?

A

Horizontal flexion and horizontal extension

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8
Q

Which joints are hinge joints?

A

Elbow, knee, ankle

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9
Q

What are the 2 ball and socket joints?

A

Shoulder and hip

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10
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

A

Condyloid

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11
Q

Define agonist

A

A muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint

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12
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A muscle that opposes the agonist

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13
Q

What is a muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another causes movement?

A

Fixator

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14
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist for flexion at the wrist?

A

Agonist: wrist flexors
Antagonist: wrist extensors

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15
Q

Name the agonist and antagonist for flexion at the elbow

A

Agonist: bicep brachii
Antagonist: triceps brachii

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16
Q

Agonist and antagonist for flexion at the shoulder

A

Agonist: anterior deltoid
Antagonist: posterior deltoid

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17
Q

Agonist and antagonist for flexion at the hip

A

Agonist: Illiopsoas
Antagonist: Gluteus maximus

18
Q

Agonist and antagonist for knee extension

A

Agonist: Rectus femoris (quadriceps)
Antagonist: Biceps femoris (hamstrings)

19
Q

Agonist and antagonist for plantar flexion

A

Agonist: Gastrocnemius and soleus
Antagonist: Tibialis anterior

20
Q

List the hamstring muscles

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

21
Q

List the quadriceps muscles

A

Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

22
Q

What is isometric muscle contraction?

A

Muscle contraction where no movement is produced. The muscles do not change in size.

23
Q

What is isotonic muscle contraction?

A

Muscle contraction where the muscle changes in size either concentrically or eccentrically to produce movement

24
Q

What is the difference between concentric muscle contraction and eccentric muscle contraction?

A

Concentric - Contraction where the muscles shorten in size. Goes against gravity.
Eccentric - Contraction where the muscles lengthen in size. Goes with gravity.

25
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A motor unit and the muscle fibres it is attached to

26
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A gap between two neurones

27
Q

What is the all-or-none law?

A

All muscle fibres will either be contracting or not activated at all if a threshold is reached

28
Q

What are the stages of nervous stimulation of a motor unit?

A
  1. Impulse released
  2. Impulse travels to synaptic cleft
  3. Acetylcholine secreted into synaptic cleft
  4. Impulse travels across the gap
  5. Muscle fibres will contract in an ‘all or none’ way if a threshold is reached
29
Q

What are type 1 muscle fibres?

A

Slow oxidative. Purely aerobic.

30
Q

What are type 2a muscle fibres?

A

Fast oxidative glycolytic. Predominantly anaerobic but have the ability to become aerobic with training

31
Q

What are type 2b muscle fibres?

A

Fast glycolytic. Purely anerobic.

32
Q

Talk about the neuron size of each muscle fibre

A

SO: Small
FOG: Large
FG: Large

33
Q

Talk about the amount of capillaries in each muscle fibre

A

SO: Many
FOG: Many
FG: Few

34
Q

Talk about the myoglobin content of each muscle fibre

A

SO: High
FOG: Moderate
FG: Low

35
Q

Talk about mitochondria content or each muscle fibre

A

SO: High
FOG: Moderate
FG: Low

36
Q

Talk about the glycogen stores of each muscle fibre

A

SO: Low
FOG: High
FG: High

37
Q

Talk about the PC stores of each muscle fibre

A

SO: Low
FOG: High
FG: High

38
Q

Talk about the speed of contraction of each muscle fibre

A

SO: Slow
FOG: Fast
FG: Fast

39
Q

Talk about the force of contraction of each muscle fibre

A

SO: Low
FOG: High
FG: High

40
Q

Talk about fatigue resistance of each muscle fibre

A

SO: High
FOG: Moderate
FG: Low

PE - Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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