The Sixty Drugs we Must Know Seminar One Part One Flashcards
Carbachol
Receptor: Direct acting agonist;
Indication for use: Used locally for miosis and to decrease IOP (Glaucoma);
Clinical features: Less susceptible to cholinesterases and acts for longer.
Pilocarpine
Receptor: Direct acting agonist;
Indication for use: acts on smooth muscle of eye – miosos and increases aqueous outflow leading to decrease in IOP.
Bethanachol
Receptor: Direct acting agonist;
Indication for use: stimulates urinary and GI tract – treats urinary retention and lack of muscular tone in GIT;
Amantadine
Pharmacodynamics: NMDA type glutamate receptor antagonist, increases dopamine releases and blocks reuptake, anticholinergic;
Indications for use: treats the dyskinesia caused by levodopa as it stabilises the close state of NMDA receptors. (PD)
Amitriptyline
Pharmacodynamics: MA uptake inhibitors (Classic Tricyclic
Antidepressants (CTAs));
Indications for use: Used to relieve depressive symptoms (antidepressant).
Atropine
Receptor: Anti-muscarinic;
Indication for use: Effects eye, GIT, heart and salivary, sweat and lacrimal glands. Relaxation of ciliary muscles (mydriases causing cycoplegia) long duration so shorter acting drugs like cyclopentoate and tropicamide are used;
Clinical features: blocks M3 receptors leading to reduced motility leading to prolonged gastric emptying and increased transit time; atropine can block M2 receptor on SA and AV node leading to tachycardia; blocks glands so dry mouth, dry skin and body temperature rises.
Articaine
Pharmacodynamics: Lipid soluble amide anaesthetic;
Indications for use: Reversible anaesthesia (dentistry),
Acidum Acetylsalicyclicum (Aspirin)
Pharmacodynamics: Salicylate NSAID;
Indication for use: analgesic at low dose, anti-inflammatory at high dose.
Acetaminophen (paracetamol)
Pharmacodynamics: Reduces COX in the CNS;
Indication for use: Pain relief and anti-pyretic.
Benzotropine
Pharmacodynamics: mACh blocker;
Indications for use: decreases extrapyrimidal
effects associated with Parkinson’s and a result of anti-psychotics.
Bromocriptine
Pharmacodynamics: Dopamine agonists;
Indications for use: Reduces the mobility related symptoms associated with Parkinson’s such as Ataxia and bradykinesia;
Clinical features: Limited by side effects: nausea, vomiting,
somnolescence, fibrotic reactions in the lungs / retroperitoneum / pericardium.
Caffeine sodium benzoate
Pharmacodynamics: adenosine receptor antagonist - acts as a stimulant (analeptic);
Indications for use: Respiratory depression associated with narcotic overdose and given with ergots in the treatment of vascular headaches (migraine).
Carbamazepine
Pharmacodynamics: Voltage-dependent sodium ion channel blocker;
Indications for use: Used to reduce inappropriate focal
discharge (seizures) (partial seizures, secondarily generalised seizures, and tonic-clonic seizures) by blocking of voltage dependent / gated sodium ion channels.
Celecoxib
Pharmacodynamics: COX - 2 selective blocker NSAID;
Indication for use: Anti - inflammatory pain relief.
Chlordiazepoxide
Pharmacodynamics: (Benzodiazepines) GABA-A agonists;
Indications for use: Used as anxiolytics and as sedatives / hypnotics.
Chlorpromazine
Pharmacodynamics: Mixed blocker / antagonist (D, 5-HT, H, α, mACh);
Indications for use: Typical neuroleptics –> antipsychotic affect, sedation, anti-emitic.
Clozapine
Pharmacodynamics: 5-HT blocker;
Indications for use: Atypical antipsychotic reduces suicidal tendencies and used when treatment with other more common drugs is insufficient.
Diazepam
Pharmacodynamics: (Benzodiazepines) GABA-A agonists;
Indications for use: Used as anxiolytics and as sedatives / hypnotic and treats seizures. Diazepam treats muscular disorders such as multiple sclerosis.
Doxazosin
Pharmacodynamics: Selective α1 blocker;
Indication for use: on vascular smooth muscle which reduces blood pressure and blocks receptors on smooth muscle of bladder neck and prostrate causing smooth muscle to relax leading to relief of urinary issues related to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).
Doxylamine
Pharmacodynamics: H1 blocker;
Indications for use: treats schizophrenic patients by inducing sedation.
Droperidol
Pharmacodynamics: Dopamine antagonists;
Indications for use: Neuroleptic D2 blockers in mesolimbic and mesocortical systems cause antipsychotic effect. In vomiting centre has an anti-emitic effect.
Epinephrine
Pharmacodynamics: at low doses stimulates beta adrenergic system (vasodilation) at high doses stimulates alpha adrenergic system (vasoconsriction);
Indications for use: Bronchospasm: Epinephrine is the primary drug used in the emergency treatment of respiratory conditions when bronchoconstriction has resulted in diminished respiratory function; Anaphylactic shock; Cardiac arrest: Epinephrine may be used to restore cardiac rhythm in patients with cardiac arrest; prolongs anaesthesia by causing vasoconstriction.
Ethosuximide
Pharmacodynamics: T-type calcium channel blockers;
Indications for use: Reduces inappropriate focal discharge (seizures).
Flumazenil
Pharmacodynamics: GABA-A antagonist;
Indications for use: acts as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose through competitive inhibition.
