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A level British History > The Sixties Politics > Flashcards

The Sixties Politics Flashcards

1
Q

When was the launch of George Brown’s National Plan?

A

Sept 1964

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2
Q

When were the 60s Election Victories for Labour (Wilson both times)?

A

1964 and 1966

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3
Q

When was the Devaluation crisis and the 2nd rejection of Britain’s application to join the EEC

A

Nov 1967

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4
Q

When was Wilson government defeated in general election?

A

June 1970

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5
Q

What was Harold Wilson’s ‘the shape of this nation speech about’?

A

Essentially saying govt needs to spend more and modernise as britain is stuck in their ways

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6
Q

How were Labour doing well after being elected?

A
  • Labour seemed much more in touch with what people wanted; social and cultural trends and what the country needed
  • Promised Britain would catch up to the ‘white heat’ of technological change (harness a scientific revolution)
  • 1966: sizeable majority for Labour
  • Conservatives had replaced Home with Edward Heath - more modern but no match for the appeal of Wilson so Wilson looked strong
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7
Q

Why was the DEA created?

A
  • Britain had 800 million in debt
  • Could solve by devaluation or deflation but would make britain look weak
  • Instead Wilson create the Department of Economic Affairs
  • It was led by George Brown
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8
Q

Who was Brown?

A

Head of DEA

  • Brown had little power as his proposals had no government support
  • In competition with the chancellor and treasury
  • Brown was not necessarily the best for the job but was a key ‘personality’
  • Brown wanted tried to establish voluntary agreements with trade unionists
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9
Q

What happened to the DEA in 1967?

A

abandoned

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10
Q

What policy was implemented to try to keep inflation down?

A

Prices and incomes policy

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11
Q

What did the prices and incomes policy lead to?

A
  • National union of Seamen went on strike
  • Government defeat strike but isn’t good for relationship with TUs
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12
Q

What was the prices and incomes policy?

A

trying to reduce inflation by restraining wages

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13
Q

What effect did the Middle East crisis have on the govt and economy?

A

Affected oil supplies
Dock strike affected balance of payments
Had to devalue the pound
Higher purchase restrictions and interest rates

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14
Q

How much was the pound devalued?

A
  • 400 million pound deficit
  • Pound was devalued by 14%
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15
Q

Why did Wilson make sure the news missed their deadline?

A

He tried to convince people that devaluation was good for them in a speech over TV

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16
Q

What was the purpose of devaluation?

A
  • Make British exports cheaper for other countries (increasing exports)
  • To motivate Britons to buy British as imports from other countries would be more expensive
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17
Q

Why did the devaluation crisis damaged Labour’s credibility so much?

A

Labour had tried so hard to avoid devaluation before it was forced to

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18
Q

What did devaluation lead to a few weeks later?

A

Application and rejection to join EEC again as desperate

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19
Q

What was the rejection to join the EEC in 1967 blamed on?

A

Devaluation made Britain seem weak

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20
Q

Who replaced Callaghan as chancellor in 1967?

A

Roy Jenkins

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21
Q

What Jenkins left or right wing?

A

right leaning

22
Q

What Jenkins’ top priority?

A

Improve the balance of payments

23
Q

What deflationary methods did Jenkins use?

A
  • raise taxes
  • tighten up govt spending
24
Q

When was a balance of payments surplus acheived?

A

1969

25
Q

What was the rate of inflation 1969-70?

A

12%

26
Q

Why did labour win election in 1970?

A

despite harsh economic policies on people, economy had generally improved so they were voted in

27
Q

According to opinion polls 1960: What % said they had a favourable view of unions

A

nearly 60%

28
Q

Who was Frank Cousins?

A

In 1964 Wilson made Frank Cousins (doesn’t know anything about technology) minister of technology

29
Q

When did relations with TUs begin to deteriorate?

A

1966-67

30
Q

What are wildcat strikes?

A
  • Sudden, unofficial local disputes without reference to the national leadership
  • These striker weren’t interested in orders or negotiations with govt
31
Q

What did the government do about the wildcat strikes?

A

In place of strife

32
Q

What was fair deal proposal?

A

Conservatives proposed legally binding agreements between govt and trade unions

33
Q

Who was Barbara Castle?

A
  • Seen as bevanite as left leaning
  • Secretary of state for employment and productivity
  • Appointed in 1968
34
Q

How long was the cooling off period in ‘In Place of Strife’

A

28 day ‘cooling off period’ before a strike could go ahead

35
Q

After ‘In Place of Strife’ what could industrial relations courts do?

A

prosecute people who broke the rules of ‘In Place in Strife’

36
Q

What were strike ballots?

A

need a sign off from everyone to strike

37
Q

Who liked Castle’s proposal?

A
  • Jenkins
  • Voters liked it as less strikes
  • conservatives
38
Q

When was ‘In Place of Strife’?

A

1969

39
Q

Who didn’t like Castle’s proposal?

A
  • Hated by TUs
  • left of the Labour party
  • Approximately 50 labour MPs were set to rebel, including Callaghan
  • Jack Jones, General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers’ Union was appalled by it
40
Q

What did Wilson do in 1969 after reactions to ‘In Place of Strife’?

A
  • Gave in to pressure TUC and Jack Jones etc
  • Agreement was finally reached which was seen as a climbdown for Wilson
  • Wilson humiliated
41
Q

Who was Jack Jones?

A

General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers’ Union

42
Q

What did Roy Jenkins admit about the science and tech meetings?

A

admitted that he struggled to understand the briefings

43
Q

What did Frank Cousins (first minister of technology, 1964-66) think about the scientific developments?

A

had little interest in scientific developments

44
Q

What was a joint venture of the British and French?

A

Concorde (a supersonic plane)

45
Q

What allowed Wilson to emerge as the contradictory leader of the party that could perhaps bring both sides together?

A

The deaths of Bevan and Gaitskell

46
Q

What did Wilson use as a uniting focus to bridge to two side of Labour?

A

goal of technological development and modernization

47
Q

Who was Wilson worried could challenge his position as leader?

A
  • George Brown
  • James Callaghan
  • Roy Jenkins
48
Q

Who was disappointed they weren’t made foreign secretary in 1964?

A

Brown

49
Q

Who was Wilson suspicious of and why?

A
  • He was suspicious of Jenkins
  • Jenkins supported devaluation before Wilson was ready for it so it seemed like sabotage
50
Q

What were Jenkins’ view like?

A

progressive

51
Q

Why do people say Wilson was paranoid?

A
  • spent to much time trying to unite the party
  • constantly trying to defend himself from what was in reality no real threats to power
52
Q

Why was it unlikely that Callaghan and Jenkins would work together?

A

They disagreed over:
- Europe
- Liberalising legislation
- The point at which to devalue the pound
- The role of Trade Unions

A level British History (3 decks)

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