Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > The shoulder and elbow > Flashcards

The shoulder and elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Which way does the shoulder dislocate 95% of the time

A

Anteriorly

Posteriorly is seen in epileptics and in direct trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes a shoulder dislocation

A

Direct trauma or falling on hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a bankart lesion

A

Damage to anteroinferior glenoid labrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a hill-sachs lesion

A

Cortical depression in the posterolateral part of the humeral head following impaction against the glenoid rim during anterior dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does a shoulder dislocation present

A

Shoulder contour lost - shoulder appears square
Bulge in infraclavicular fossa
Severe pain
Arm supported by other arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the management for a shoulder dislocation

A 
Assess Neurovascular deficit - across the regimental badge area before and after reduction - axillary nerve (damaged in 5%)
Analgesia 
Xray - AP and Scapula Y view 
Reduction under anaesthetic 
rest arm in sling for 3-4 weeks 
Physio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the complications of shoulder dislocation

A

recurrent dislocations

damage to axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In which age group are supracondylar fractures more common

A

5-7 year olds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the common mechanism of injury in supracondylar fractures

A

FOOSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How may supracondylar fractures present

A

FOOSH

Elbow very swollen and semi-flexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some radiological signs of supracondylar fracture

A

Posterior fat pad sign - lucency on lateral view along psoterior distal humerus –> suggests occult fracture
Disruption of anteriror humeral line –> should pass 1/3 through the middle 1/3 of the capitulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the management for supracondylar fractures

A

No displacement: Arm fully flexed and collar + cast for 3 weeks
Displacement: MUA and fixation with K wires plus collar and cast with arm flexed or 3 weeks

ENSURE NEUROVASCULARLY INTACT
if no radial pulse or suspected damage to brachial artery –> THEATRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the complications of supracondylar fracture

A

Neurovascular injury –> nerve palsies
Compartment syndrome –> Volkmanns ischaemic contracture
Cubitus varus deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common type of supracondylar fracture

A

Extension (95%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What may cause a rotator cuff tear

A

Degenerative changes

fall or sudden jolt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How may a rotator cuff tear present

A

Shoulder pain and weakness

17
Q

What are the findings on examination of a rotator cuff tear

A

Shoulder abduction only to 45-60 degrees
Full passive ROM - after 90 degrees the deltoid adbucts the shoulder
Lowering arm sign if complete tear - lowering arm from abducting 160 degrees arm suddenly drops after 90 degrees

18
Q

How may a rotator cuff tear be investigated

A

MRI - better for labral tears

USS

19
Q

What is the treatment for Rotator cuff tears

A

Complete tears = open/arthroscopic repair

Incomplete tears =

20
Q

What is painful arc/impingement syndrome

A

When supraspinatus tendon and subacromial bursa become trapped under the acromion and greater tuberosity of the humerus

21
Q

What are some causes of painful arc syndrome

A
  1. Supraspinatus tendinopathy - tendon catches undr acromion during abduction 20-140 degrees
  2. calcifying tendinopathy - acute inflammation of supraspinatus
  3. Acromioclavicular joint OA - common
22
Q

What signs may be present in painful arc syndrome

A

Positive Hawkins test
painful between 60-120 degrees
weakness and decreased ROM
If AC joint disease - positive Scarf test

23
Q

How might painful arc syndrome be investigated

A

MRI arthrogram
plain x rays may show bony spurs
US

24
Q

How do you treat painful arc syndrome

A

NSAIDs
Physiotherapy
Steroid injection

25
Q

What is associated with frozen shoulder

A

Diabetes

Cervical Spondylosis

26
Q

How does frozen shoulder present

A

Decreased ROM - both active and passive
Decreased abduction <90
decreased external rotation <30
Pain worse at night

27
Q

How is frozen shoulder treated

A

Conservative: rest and physio
Medical: NSAIDs and subacromial bursa steroid injection

28
Q

What are the stages of a frozen shoulder

A
  1. Painful stage 6 weeks to 9 months
  2. Stiffness remains but pain reduces - 4 to 6 months
  3. Stiffness slowly starts to improve - takes 6 months to 2 years

MSK (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions