Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy - Limbs > The Shoulder and Arms > Flashcards

The Shoulder and Arms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the articulations of the scapula?

A
  • Gleno-humoral joint – humerus with glenoid cavity
  • Acromio-clavicular joint - acromion of scapula with acromion end of clavicle
  • Scapulo-thoracic joint – this is a “gliding” physiological joint with the thoracic wall (via serratus anterior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At what spinal levels are the scapular angles?

A
  • Superior angle – T2
  • Medial end of scapula spine – T3
  • Inferior angle – T7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you orientate the clavicle?

A

via the “flat” lateral end at the acromion of the scapula and the circular sternal end at the sternum/1st CC (superior smooth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which neck of the humerus is more commonly damaged?

A

surgical neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you differentiate between left and right humerus?

A

head of the humerus needs to face medially:

  • lesser tubercle is medial and anterior (greater tubercle is lateral and posterior)
  • capitulum on left = left humerus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the compartments of the muscles?

A
  • anterior pectoral girdle muscles
  • posterior pectoral girdle muscles
  • intrinsic shoulder muscles
  • anterior compartment of the (upper) arm
  • posterior compartment of the (upper) arm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the anterior pectoral girdle muscles?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • subclavius
  • serratus anterior (runs between posterior and anterior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

What does pectoralis major do?

A

proximal attachments:

  • medial 1/3 of clavicle
  • sternum
  • costal cartilages (6,7 and sometimes 8th region)

distal attachments:
lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus/groove

adducts and medially rotates the humerus
* lesser actions on scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis minor?

What does pectoralis minor do?

A

proximal:
- finger like processes attach to 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs

distal:
- coracoid process of scapula

helps stabilise the scapula
pulls the scapula forward onto the back of the thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the attachments of the subclavius?

What does the subclavius do?

A

proximal:
- first rib

distal:
middle/slightly lateral part of the clavicle (groove in the clavicle)

anchors clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the attachments of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

proximal:
- ribs 1-9

distal:
- medial edge of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the posterior muscles?

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the attachments of the trapezius?

What does the trapezius do?

A

proximal:
- spinal processes ( superior nuchal line - T12)

distal:

  • spine of scapula
  • lateral third of clavicle

major actions on scapula

  • upper fibles can elevate scapula
  • lower fibres depress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the attachments of the latissimus dorsi?

What does the latissimus dorsi do?

A

proximal:
- T8 - sacrum round to iliac crest

distal :
- fibres converge and twist slightly and attach to floor of intertercular groove

  • extends, adducts, and rotates the humerus
  • pulls body up to arms during climbing and important in rowing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the attachments of the rhomboids?

What do the rhomboids do?

A

proximal:

  • nucal ligament and C7 (rhomboid minor)
  • T2-T5 (major)

distal:
- medial border of scapula

retracts, rotates an fixes scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the attachments of the levator scpulae?

What does it do?

A

proximal:
- transverse processes of C1-C4

distal:
superior angle of scapula

elevates and rotates scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What innervates pectoralis major muscle?

A

dual motor innervation - medial and lateral pectoral nerve

18
Q

What innervate pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

19
Q

What innervates the suclavius muscle?

A

subclavian nerve

20
Q

What is the nerve supply to the serratus anterior muscle?

A

long thoracic nerve

21
Q

What innervates the trapezius?

A

accessory nerve (CN XI)

22
Q

What innervates the lattisimus dorsi?

A

thoracdorsal nerve

23
Q

What innervates the rhomboids?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

24
Q

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

What innervates each one?

A

deltoid - axillary nerve

rotator cuff:
supraspinatus - supracapular nerve (C5)
infraspinatus - supracapular nerve (C5-6)
teres minor - axillary (C5)
subscapularis - upper and lower subcapular nerve (C5-6)

Teres major - subscapular nerve

25
Q

What are the attachment of the deltoid?

What does it do?

A

proximal:

  • clavicle
  • acromion
  • spine of scapula

distal:
- deltoid tuberosity of humerus

abducts arm

26
Q

What are the attachments of the rotator cuff?

What does it do?

A

scapula -> head of humerus

important in stabilisation of shoulder joint

*supraspinatus important in initiating abduction of arm for first 15 degrees then deltoid takes over

27
Q

What are the attachments of teres major?

What does teres major do?

A

inferior angle of scapula -> floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

adducts and medially rotates arm

28
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?

What nerve supplies them?

A

biceps
coracobrachialis
bracialis (deepest)

all supplied by musculocutaneous nerve

29
Q

What are the attachements of the biceps?

A

long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head - coracoid process of scapula

both merge to attach to radial tuberosity (cross the elbow joint)

  • some fibres fan o forming a biceps aponeurosis
30
Q

What are the attachment so the coracobracialis/

A

coracoid process of scapula - medial shaft of humerus

  • adduction and a bit of flexion at humeral joint
31
Q

What are the attachments of the bracialis?

A

anterior shaft of humerus -> coronoid process of ulna

  • important flexor of elbow
32
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?

What supplies them?

A

triceps and anconeus

supplied by radial nerve

33
Q

What are the attachments of the triceps?

A

long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head - shaft of humerus
medial head - shaft (deeper)

converge to form triceps tendon -. olecranon process of ulna

  • extends elbow
34
Q

What are the attachments of the anconeus?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus -> upper part of shaft of ulna

  • stabilises elbow joint during certain movement
35
Q

What are the joints of this region?

A

sterno- clavicular

acromio - clavicular (acromion head of clavicle and acromion process of scapula)

gleno- humeral (glenoid fossa and head of humerus) - ball and socket joint

scapulo-thoracic (virtual/physiological)

elbow

36
Q

What deepens the gleno-humeral joint?

A

glenoid labrum

*muscles required for join stability (rotator cuff)

37
Q

Which muscles are used in movements of the shoulder joint ?

A

abduction: supraspinatus and deltoid
adduction: pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus dorsi, triceps long head
flexion: deltoid, pectoralis major, coracobracialis
extension: deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi, triceps long head

lateral rotation: deltoid, teres minor, infraspinatus

medial rotation: deltoid, pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus dorsi

38
Q

What is contained in the axilla?

A

Arteries – axillary artery and its branches
Veins – axillary vein and its tributaries
Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes (important!)
Nerves – the brachial plexus

39
Q

What are the arteries in this region?

A

Subclavian artery passes over the first rib to become -> Axillary artery
at the lower border of teres major becomes the -> Brachial artery
Gives off a large branch in the arm – profunda brachii

Divides as the level of the elbow into -> Ulnar and Radial arteries

40
Q

What are the superficial veins in this region?

A

In limbs, venous return is via superficial and deep vessels

Basilic vein runs up the medial border of arm

Basilic veins joins venae comitantes to form the axillary vein in the arm
Cephalic vein runs up lateral border of arm

Cephalic vein joins axillary vein in the axilla

Axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein at the level of the first rib

41
Q

What are the lymph nodes in this region?

A

*Superficial and deep systems, run with veins

  • Cubital lymph nodes
  • Delto-pectoral lymph nodes
  • Axillary lymph nodes
42
Q

What are the parts of the brachial plexus?

What are the largest nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

roots (anterior rami) -> trunks -> divisions -. cords -> terminal branches (peripheral nerves)

Axillary nerve (C5-6)
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)
Ulnar nerve (C8- T1)
Median nerve (C6-T1)
Radial nerve (C5-T1)

Anatomy - Limbs (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions