The Shoulder and Arm

Question 1

What are the bones and joints of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 1

Manubrium sterni
Clavicle
Scapula 
Humerus
Sterno -clavicular joint
Acromio- clavicular joint
Scapula-thoracic joint
Gleno-humeral joint

Question 2

What does the clavicle contain?

Answer 2

Sternal facet
Acromial facet
Trapezoid line
Conoid tubercle
Subclavian groove

Question 3

What does the scapula contain?

Answer 3

Glenoid cavity
Subscapular fossa
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Spine acromion process
Coracoid process

Question 4

Pectoralis major?

Answer 4

Attachment - into intertubular sulcus of humerous
Functions - addicts and medically rotates upper limb
Innervation - lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Question 5

Pectoralis minor?

Answer 5

Attachment - originates from 3-5 rib into coracoid process of scapula
Function - stabilises scapula
Innervation - medial pectoral nerve

Question 6

Subclavius?

Answer 6

Attachment - from 1st rob into interior surface of the middle third of the clavicle
Function - anchors and depresses the clavicle
Innervation - nerve to subclavius

Question 7

Serrated anterior?

Answer 7

Attachment - costal surface of the scapula
Function - rotates the scapula and holds it against the ribcage and pull down clavicle
Innervation - long thoracic nerve

Question 8

Trapezius?

Answer 8

Attachment - attach to clavicle, acromion and scapula spin from C7-T12
Function - elevates scapula and rotates it during adduction of the arm
Innervation - accessory nerve and proprioceptors from c3 and c4 spinal nerves

Question 9

Latissimus Dorsi?

Answer 9

Attachment - converge on intertubercular sulcus of the humerus from the spinous processes of T6-T12
Function - extends , addicts and medically rotates upper limb
Innervation - thoracodorsal nerve

Question 10

Levator scapulae?

Answer 10

Attachment - originates from the transverse processes of c1-c4 vertebrae and attached to the medial border of scapula
Function - elevate scapula
Innervation - dorsal scapular nerve

Question 11

Rhomboid major?

Answer 11

Attaches to medial border of scapula
Functions - retracts and rotates scapula
Innervation - dorsal scapular nerve

Question 12

Rhomboid minor?

Answer 12

Attached to medial border of scapula
Function - retracts and rotates scapula
Innervation - dorsal scapular nerve

Question 13

Deltoid?

Answer 13

Attachment - from clavicle and starches to deltoid tuberosity
Function - movement of arm at Gleno humeral joint
Innervation - axillary nerve

Question 14

Teres major?

Answer 14

Attachment - attached to intertubercular groove of the humerus
Function - addicts and extends as the shoulder and medically rotates arm
Innervation - lower subscapular nerve

Question 15

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 15

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
All innervated by subscapular nerves except teres minor which has axillary nerve

Question 16

Humerus?

Answer 16

Long bone of the upper limb

Question 17

Biceps brachii ?

Answer 17

Attachment - heads insert into radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis
Function - supination, flexion of the arm
Innervation - musculocutaneous nerve

Question 18

Coracobrachialis?

Answer 18

Attachment - medial side of humeral shaft
Function - flexion of the arm at the shoulder and weak adduction
Innervation - musculocutaenous nerve

Question 19

Brachialis?

Answer 19

Attachment - inserts at ulnar tuberosity
Function - flexion at elbow
Innervation - musculocutaneous nerve (radial nerve)

Question 20

Triceps brachii?

Answer 20

Attachment - long head at infraglenoid tubercle, lateral head superior to radial groove, medial head inferior to radial groove
Function - extension of the arm at the elbow
Innervation - radial nerve

Question 21

Anconeus?

Answer 21

Attachment - lateral surface of olecranon
Action - assists forearm extension
Innervation - radial nerve

Question 22

What are some branches of the axillary artery?

Answer 22

Common carotid artery
Subclavian artery
Dorsal, circumflex and suprascapular arteries
Brachial artery