the shoulder

Question 1

the shoulder girdle

Answer 1

position itself to allow movements of the shoulder joint

Question 2

clavicle

Answer 2

collarbone, s-shaped. easily fractures. lateral end: acromial end. medial end: sternal end.

Question 3

scapula

Answer 3

shoulder blade. inferior angle: base of scapula where lateral and medial borders meet. spine of scapula: runs across the posterior aspect of scapula

Question 4

sternoclavicular (SC) joint

Answer 4

articulation between sternum and clavicle; slightly movable

Stability from: sterno, costo, inter clavicular ligaments plus an articular disc

Question 5

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Answer 5

articulation between acromion process of scapula and clavicle; slightly movable
Connected by AC ligament

Question 6

Coracoclavicular (CC) joint

Answer 6

articulation between coracoid process of scapula and clavicle; slightly movable
Connected by CC ligament (trapezoid and conoid)
This is where the “shoulder separation” injury occurs

Question 7

shoulder joint movements

Answer 7

The girdle has to move to allow upper arms to move
Elevation: superior (upward) movement of scapula
Depression: return to anatomical position
Protraction (abduction): upward rotation and lateral tilt; hugging your friend
Retraction (adduction): downward rotation and medial tilt; bringing your shoulders back

Question 8

pectoralis minor

Answer 8

anterior. origin: 3rd, 4th, 5th rib. insertion: coracoid process of scapula. action: abduction

Question 9

serratus anterior

Answer 9

origin: anterior, lateral aspects of upper 9 ribs. insertion: medial border of scapula. action: abduction

Question 10

subclavius

Answer 10

anterior. origin: 1st rib. subclavian groove of clavicle. action: assist ligament of SC joint for stability

Question 11

levator scapulae

Answer 11

posterior. origin: transverse processes of the 1st 4 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: superior aspect of medial border of scapula
Action: elevation

Question 12

rhomboids (major and minor)

Answer 12

posterior. Origin: 7th cervical vertebrae through 5th thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Attachment: elevation and adduction of scapula

Question 13

trapezius

Answer 13

posterior. Origin: base of skull and spinous processes of ALL cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: spine of scapula and posterior surface of clavicle
Attachment: upper=elevation; middle=adduction; lower=abduction

Question 14

the shoulder joint

Answer 14

also called the glenohumeral joint. ball-and-scoekt joint. Shallow glenoid fossa allows for greater ROM but its less stable

Question 15

scapula

Answer 15

specifically the glenoid fossa

Question 16

humerus

Answer 16

upper arm bone
Anatomical neck: between greater and lesser tuberosities (also creates the bicipital groove)
Surgical neck: upper shaft
Deltoid tuberosity: lateral surface, halfway down shaft

Question 17

ligaments

Answer 17

includes many but the following is emphasized

Glenoid labrum: forms on edge around the entire glenoid cavity; helps deepen the fossa

Question 18

glenohumeral joints movement

Answer 18

Flexion: anterior measurement
Extension: return to anatomical position
Hypertension: beyond anatomical position
Abduction: away from midline
Adduction: toward the midline
Internal rotation: medial rotation
External rotation: lateral rotation
Circumduction: combination of fundamental movements

Question 19

pectoralis major

Answer 19

anterior. Origin: 2nd to 6th ribs; sternum; and medial half of clavicle
Insertion: anterior area of surgical neck of humerus
Action: flexion, adduction, internal rotation

Question 20

coracobrachialis

Answer 20

anterior. Origin: coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: middle of medial side of humerus opposite deltoid tuberosity

Question 21

biceps brachii (GH joint now…not elbow)

Answer 21

anterior. Origin of long-head: supraglenoid tubercle
Origin of short-head: coracoid process
Insertion: tuberosity of radius
Action of long-head: flexion and abduction
Action of short-head: internal rotation

Question 22

subscapularis

Answer 22

anterior. located between the scapula and thorax. Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tuberosity of humerus
Action: IR and flexion

Question 23

deltoid

Answer 23

3 parts; anterior, middle, posterior
Origin: anterior=lateral front of clavicle; middle=lateral edge of acromion process; posterior=inferior angle of spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tubercle on humerus
Action: primarily abduction

Question 24

supraspinatus

Answer 24

located beneath deltoid
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: proximal facet of greater tuberosity of humerus
Action: primary abductor until 30 degrees then deltoid takes over

Question 25

infraspinatus

Answer 25

posterior. located beneath spine of scapula. Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus
Action: external rotation and extension

Question 26

teres minor

Answer 26

posterior. Origin: upper and middle positions of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: distal facet of greater tuberosity of humerus
Action: external rotation and extension

Question 27

rotator cuff

Answer 27

commonly called the SITS group
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
Responsible for maintaining stability of GH joint
Often involved in acceleration and deceleration of throwing

Question 28

latissimus dorsi

Answer 28

inferior. very large back muscle, often called swimming muscle. origin: spinous processes of 6 lower thoracic and all 5 lumbar vertebrae; posterior aspect of ilium; lower 3 ribs; inferior angle of scapula. Insertion: passes beneath axilla (armpit); inserts on edge of intertubercular groove on anterior aspects of humerus. Insertion: IR, extension, adduction

Question 29

teres major

Answer 29

inferior. the lat’s little helper. origin: lower portion of lateral border and inferior angle of scapula. insertion: inferior to lesser tuberosity of humerus. action: IR, extension, adduction

Question 30

triceps brachii

Answer 30

inferior. long head: acting on the GH joint here…not the elbow. origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Insertion: olecranon process of ulna. action: extension of adduction

Question 31

scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 31

movement of the shoulder girdle to allow additional ROM of the GH joint.