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Upper Limb Anatomy > The Shoulder > Flashcards

The Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the origins of pectoralis major?

A

Clavicular head
- from the medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle

Sternocostal head
- anterior surface of the sternum
- upper 6 costal cartilages
- External Oblique Aponeurosis

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2
Q

Where is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

Humerus (lateral ITG) (lateral lip of bicipital groove)

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3
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

A
  • Adduction and medial rotation of the arm (the whole muscle)
  • Clavicular head: flexion of the arm
  • Sternocostal head: extends the flexed arm
  • Acts as accessory respiratory muscle by elevating the ribs
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4
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

Medial (C8-T1) and Lateral (C5-C7) pectoral nerves

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5
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

A
  • SP C7-T12
  • Occipital protuberance
  • Ligamentum nuchae
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6
Q

Where is the insertion of trapezius?

A

Clavicle, scapula (acromion spine)

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7
Q

What is the action of trapezius?

A

Rotating the scapula

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8
Q

What is the innervation of trapezius

A

CN XI

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9
Q

Where is the origin of serratus anterior?

A

Ribs 1-9

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10
Q

Where is the insertion of serratus anterior?

A

Scapula (ventral medial)

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11
Q

What is the action of serratus anterior?

A

Prevents winging of the scapula

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12
Q

What is the innervation of serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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13
Q

What are the origins of deltoid?

A

Lateral clavicle
scapula

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14
Q

Where is the insertion for deltoid?

A

Humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

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15
Q

What is the action of deltoid?

A

Anterior fibres - flexion and medial rotation
Posterior fibres - extension and lateral rotation
Middle fibres - major abductor of the arm (after 15 degrees)

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16
Q

What is the origin for subscapularis?

A

Ventral scapula (subscapular fossa)

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17
Q

Where does the subscapularis insert?

A

Humerus (LT)

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18
Q

What is the action of subscapularis?

A

Internally rotates the arm
Provides anterior stability

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the subscapularis?

A

Superiorand Inferior subscapular nerves

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20
Q

Where is the origin of supraspinatus?

A

Superior scapula (supraspinatus fossa)

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21
Q

Where does the supraspinatus insert?

A

Humerus (greater tuberosity)

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22
Q

What are the action of supraspinatus?

A

Abducting
Providing stability
Externally rotating the arm

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23
Q

What is the innervation of supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

24
Q

Where is the origin of infraspinatus?

A

Dorsal scapula (infraspinatus fossa)

25
Q

Where is the insertion of infraspinatus?

A

Humerus (greater tuberosity)

26
Q

What is the action of infraspinatus?

A

Provides stability
Externally rotates the arm

27
Q

What is the innervation of infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

28
Q

Where is the origin of Teres minor?

A

Scapula (dorsolateral)

29
Q

Where does teres minor insert?

A

Humerus (greater tuberosity)

30
Q

What is the action of teres minor?

A

Providing stability
externally rotating the arm

31
Q

What is the innervation of teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

32
Q

What are the borders of the triangular interval?

A

Superior - teres major
Medial - long head of triceps
Lateral - lateral head of triceps

33
Q

What structures are found in the triangular interval?

A

Radial nerve
Deep artery of the arm

34
Q

What are the borders of the triangular space?

A

Superior - teres minor
Inferior - teres major
Lateral - long head of triceps

35
Q

What passes through the triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

36
Q

What are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?

A

Superior - teres minor
Inferior - teres major
Medial - long head of triceps
lateral - medial border of humerus

37
Q

What structures pass through the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve
posterior humeralcircumflex artery

38
Q

What divides the axillary artery into parts?

A

the pectoralis minor
1st part medial to pec minor
2nd part deep to pec minor
3rd part lateral to pec minor

39
Q

What are the branches of the axillary artery?

A

Screw the Lawyer, Save a Patient

Superior thoracic artery (1st part)
Thoracoacromial artery (2nd part)
Lateral thoracic (2nd part)
Subscapular artery (largest branch - from 3rd part)
Anterior humeral circumflex artery (3rd part)
Posterior humeral circumflex artery (3rd part)

40
Q

What is the course of the superior thoracic artery?

A

Medial to serratus anterior and pectoral muscles

41
Q

What is the course of thoracoacromial artery?

A

Has four branches - deltoid, acromial, pectoralis, clavicular

42
Q

What is the course of lateral thoracic artery

A

Descends to serratus anterior

43
Q

What is the course of subscapular artery?

A

Have two branches - thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular

44
Q

What is the course of the anterior humeral circumflex atery?

A

Supplies blood to the humeral head - arcuate artery lateral to the bicipital groove

45
Q

What is the course of the posterior humeral circumflex artery?

A

Branch in the quadrangular space accompanying the axillary nerve

46
Q

What are the surface markings of the coracoid process?

A

Can be felt 2cm inferior to the junction between the middle and lateral thirds of the clavicle

47
Q

What structures attach to the coracoid process>

A

Ligaments
- coracoclavicular
- coracoacromial
- coracohumeral

Muscles
- pectoralis minor (insertion)
- coracobrachialis (origin)
- short head of biceps (origin)

48
Q

What muscle insert into the bicipital groove?

A

Lady between two majors

Teres major (Medial lip)
Latissimis dorsi (floor)
Pectoralis major (lateral lip)

Tendon of the long head of biceps runs in the grooveh

49
Q

Which muscles are responsible for shoulder abduction?

A

Supraspinatus (0-15)
Deltoid middle fibres (15-90)
Trapezius and serratus anterior (>90) which will require upward rotation of the scapula with lateral rotation of the humerus

50
Q

Which factors decrease the stability of the shoulder?

A

Shallow glenoid cavity
Lax capsule with few ligaments
inferior aspect is not supported due to the presence of quadrangular space

51
Q

What are the main stabilisers of the shoulder joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles

52
Q

What sensory features does the axillary nerve have?

A

Provides sensation to the skin to the lower half of the deltoid (regimental badge)

53
Q

What motor supply does the axillary nerve provide?

A

Deltoid and teres minor

54
Q

What does injury to the axillary nerve result in

A

Inability to abduct the shoulder over 15 degrees
loss of sensation over the badge area

55
Q
A

Upper Limb Anatomy (3 decks)

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